64c0d4a6 - mathematics_in

Authored by: Jeremy Avigad
Authored at: 2024-01-19 13:03:20 -0500
Committed by: Jeremy Avigad
Committed at: 2024-01-19 13:03:20 -0500
Object name: 64c0d4a662b663564c54819a8d875652ed134167
Parent: 0b9de1e0

Update Fri 19 Jan 2024 01:03:20 PM EST

Changes

29 changed files (+1147/-1116)

MIL/C02_Basics/S04_More_on_Order_and_Divisibility.lean
- @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ example : x ∣ y * x * z := by
  apply dvd_mul_left example : x ∣ x ^ 2 := by - apply dvd_mul_left + apply dvd_mul_left example (h : x ∣ w) : x ∣ y * (x * z) + x ^ 2 + w ^ 2 := by sorry
MIL/C02_Basics/S05_Proving_Facts_about_Algebraic_Structures.lean
- @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ variable (x y z : α)
  #check x ≤ y #check (le_refl x : x ≤ x) #check (le_trans : x ≤ y → y ≤ z → x ≤ z) + #check (le_antisymm : x ≤ y → y ≤ x → x = y) + #check x < y #check (lt_irrefl x : ¬x < x)
MIL/C02_Basics/solutions/Solutions_S04_More_on_Order_and_Divisibility.lean
- @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ variable (a b c d : ℝ)
  example : max a b = max b a := by apply le_antisymm - repeat' + repeat apply max_le apply le_max_right apply le_max_left
- @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ example : x ∣ y * x * z := by
  apply dvd_mul_left example : x ∣ x ^ 2 := by - apply dvd_mul_left + apply dvd_mul_left example (h : x ∣ w) : x ∣ y * (x * z) + x ^ 2 + w ^ 2 := by apply dvd_add
MIL/C04_Sets_and_Functions/S01_Sets.lean
- @@ -24,9 +24,6 @@ example (h : s ⊆ t) : s ∩ u ⊆ t ∩ u := by
  intro x xsu exact ⟨h xsu.1, xsu.2⟩ - theorem foo (h : s ⊆ t) : s ∩ u ⊆ t ∩ u := - fun x ⟨xs, xu⟩ ↦ ⟨h xs, xu⟩ - example (h : s ⊆ t) : s ∩ u ⊆ t ∩ u := fun x ⟨xs, xu⟩ ↦ ⟨h xs, xu⟩
html/.buildinfo
- @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
  # Sphinx build info version 1 # This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. - config: 803b947a09f3db5a52c6c529e3761a53 + config: 9821478498fa33697c987b601aae688f tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7
html/C01_Introduction.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>1. Introduction — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
- @@ -83,10 +85,10 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <div class="section" id="introduction"> - <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">1. </span>Introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> - <div class="section" id="getting-started"> - <h2><span class="section-number">1.1. </span>Getting Started<a class="headerlink" href="#getting-started" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + <section id="introduction"> + <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">1. </span>Introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> + <section id="getting-started"> + <h2><span class="section-number">1.1. </span>Getting Started<a class="headerlink" href="#getting-started" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>The goal of this book is to teach you to formalize mathematics using the Lean 4 interactive proof assistant. It assumes that you know some mathematics, but it does not require much.
- @@ -171,9 +173,9 @@ You don’t have to do all of them; when you feel comfortable that you have
  the relevant skills, feel free to move on. You can always compare your solutions to the ones in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">solutions</span></code> folder associated with each section.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="overview"> - <h2><span class="section-number">1.2. </span>Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="overview"> + <h2><span class="section-number">1.2. </span>Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>Put simply, Lean is a tool for building complex expressions in a formal language known as <em>dependent type theory</em>.</p> <p id="index-0">Every expression has a <em>type</em>, and you can use the <cite>#check</cite> command to
- @@ -336,17 +338,19 @@ Your life may never be the same.</p>
  infrastructure for running this tutorial in VS Code, and to Scott Morrison and Mario Carneiro for help porting it from Lean 4. We are also grateful for help and corrections from - Julian Berman, Alex Best, - Bulwi Cha, Bryan Gin-ge Chen, Mauricio Collaris, Johan Commelin, Mark Czubin, - Denis Gorbachev, Winston de Greef, + Takeshi Abe, Julian Berman, Alex Best, + Bulwi Cha, Bryan Gin-ge Chen, Steven Clontz, Mauricio Collaris, Johan Commelin, Mark Czubin, + Alexandru Duca, Denis Gorbachev, Winston de Greef, Mathieu Guay-Paquet, Julian Külshammer, Martin C. Martin, Giovanni Mascellani, Isaiah Mindich, Hunter Monroe, Pietro Monticone, Oliver Nash, - Bartosz Piotrowski, Nicolas Rolland, Guilherme Silva, Floris van Doorn, and Eric Wieser. + Bartosz Piotrowski, Nicolas Rolland, Keith Rush, Guilherme Silva, + Pedro Sánchez Terraf, + Floris van Doorn, and Eric Wieser. Our work has been partially supported by the Hoskinson Center for Formal Mathematics.</p> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/C02_Basics.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>2. Basics — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
- @@ -87,14 +89,14 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <div class="section" id="basics"> - <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">2. </span>Basics<a class="headerlink" href="#basics" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> + <section id="basics"> + <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">2. </span>Basics<a class="headerlink" href="#basics" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> <p>This chapter is designed to introduce you to the nuts and bolts of mathematical reasoning in Lean: calculating, applying lemmas and theorems, and reasoning about generic structures.</p> - <div class="section" id="calculating"> - <h2><span class="section-number">2.1. </span>Calculating<a class="headerlink" href="#calculating" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + <section id="calculating"> + <h2><span class="section-number">2.1. </span>Calculating<a class="headerlink" href="#calculating" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>We generally learn to carry out mathematical calculations without thinking of them as proofs. But when we justify each step in a calculation,
- @@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ you can change the leading character by changing the
  <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lean4.input.leader</span></code> setting.</p> <p id="index-2">When a cursor is in the middle of a tactic proof, Lean reports on the current <em>proof state</em> in the - <em>Lean infoview</em> window. + <em>Lean Infoview</em> window. As you move your cursor past each step of the proof, you can see the state change. A typical proof state in Lean might look as follows:</p>
- @@ -383,9 +385,9 @@ occurrence of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a</sp
  <span class="n">rw</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="n">add_mul</span><span class="o">]</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="proving-identities-in-algebraic-structures"> - <span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">2.2. </span>Proving Identities in Algebraic Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#proving-identities-in-algebraic-structures" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="proving-identities-in-algebraic-structures"> + <span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">2.2. </span>Proving Identities in Algebraic Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#proving-identities-in-algebraic-structures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p id="index-7">Mathematically, a ring consists of a collection of objects, <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$R$</span>, operations <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$+$</span> <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$\times$</span>, and constants <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$0$</span> and <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$1$</span>, and an operation <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$x \mapsto -x$</span> such that:</p>
- @@ -703,9 +705,9 @@ It may seem odd that the algebraic structures are called
  <cite>noncomm_ring</cite> and <cite>ring</cite>. This is partly for historical reasons, but also for the convenience of using a shorter name for the tactic that deals with commutative rings, since it is used more often.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="using-theorems-and-lemmas"> - <span id="id3"></span><h2><span class="section-number">2.3. </span>Using Theorems and Lemmas<a class="headerlink" href="#using-theorems-and-lemmas" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="using-theorems-and-lemmas"> + <span id="id3"></span><h2><span class="section-number">2.3. </span>Using Theorems and Lemmas<a class="headerlink" href="#using-theorems-and-lemmas" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p id="index-16">Rewriting is great for proving equations, but what about other sorts of theorems? For example, how can we prove an inequality,
- @@ -970,9 +972,9 @@ to two goals; see <a class="reference internal" href="C03_Logic.html#conjunction
  </div> <p>If you managed to solve this, congratulations! You are well on your way to becoming a master formalizer.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="more-examples-using-apply-and-rw"> - <span id="more-on-order-and-divisibility"></span><h2><span class="section-number">2.4. </span>More examples using apply and rw<a class="headerlink" href="#more-examples-using-apply-and-rw" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="more-examples-using-apply-and-rw"> + <span id="more-on-order-and-divisibility"></span><h2><span class="section-number">2.4. </span>More examples using apply and rw<a class="headerlink" href="#more-examples-using-apply-and-rw" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p id="index-21">The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">min</span></code> function on the real numbers is uniquely characterized by the following three facts:</p> <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">#check</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">min_le_left</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">min</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="bp">≤</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">)</span>
- @@ -1062,9 +1064,8 @@ as it can.</p>
  <span class="n">apply</span> <span class="n">min_le_left</span> </pre></div> </div> - <p>In any case, - whether or not you use these tricks, - we encourage you to prove the following:</p> + <p>We encourage you to prove the following as exercises. + You can use either of the tricks just described to shorten the first.</p> <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">example</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">max</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="bp">=</span> <span class="n">max</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">by</span> <span class="gr">sorry</span> <span class="kd">example</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">min</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">min</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="bp">=</span> <span class="n">min</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">min</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">by</span>
- @@ -1133,13 +1134,13 @@ to refer to it in theorem names.</p>
  <span class="n">apply</span> <span class="n">dvd_mul_left</span> <span class="kd">example</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">∣</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">^</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">by</span> - <span class="n">apply</span> <span class="n">dvd_mul_left</span> + <span class="n">apply</span> <span class="n">dvd_mul_left</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>In the last example, the exponent is a natural number, and applying <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dvd_mul_left</span></code> forces Lean to expand the definition of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x^2</span></code> to - <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">x^1</span></code>. + <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x^1</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">x</span></code>. See if you can guess the names of the theorems you need to prove the following:</p> <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">example</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">∣</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">∣</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="bp">*</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">*</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="bp">+</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">^</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="bp">+</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="bp">^</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">by</span>
- @@ -1172,9 +1173,9 @@ theorem and the version <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="
  the one specifically for the natural numbers. You can use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_root_.dvd_antisymm</span></code> to specify the generic one; either one will work.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="proving-facts-about-algebraic-structures"> - <span id="id4"></span><h2><span class="section-number">2.5. </span>Proving Facts about Algebraic Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#proving-facts-about-algebraic-structures" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="proving-facts-about-algebraic-structures"> + <span id="id4"></span><h2><span class="section-number">2.5. </span>Proving Facts about Algebraic Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#proving-facts-about-algebraic-structures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p id="index-27">In <a class="reference internal" href="#proving-identities-in-algebraic-structures"><span class="std std-numref">Section 2.2</span></a>, we saw that many common identities governing the real numbers hold in more general classes of algebraic structures,
- @@ -1182,7 +1183,7 @@ such as commutative rings.
  We can use any axioms we want to describe an algebraic structure, not just equations. For example, a <em>partial order</em> consists of a set with a - binary relation that is reflexive and transitive, + binary relation that is reflexive, transitive, and antisymmetric. like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">≤</span></code> on the real numbers. Lean knows about partial orders:</p> <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">variable</span> <span class="o">{</span><span class="n">α</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="kt">Type</span><span class="bp">*</span><span class="o">}</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="n">PartialOrder</span> <span class="n">α</span><span class="o">]</span>
- @@ -1191,6 +1192,7 @@ Lean knows about partial orders:</p>
  <span class="k">#check</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">≤</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="k">#check</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">le_refl</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">≤</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="k">#check</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">le_trans</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">≤</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="bp">→</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="bp">≤</span> <span class="n">z</span> <span class="bp">→</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">≤</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="o">)</span> + <span class="k">#check</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">le_antisymm</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">≤</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="bp">→</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="bp">≤</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">→</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">=</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Here we are adopting the Mathlib convention of using
- @@ -1387,8 +1389,8 @@ always nonnegative:</p>
  </div> <p>We recommend making use of the theorem <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nonneg_of_mul_nonneg_left</span></code>. As you may have guessed, this theorem is called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dist_nonneg</span></code> in Mathlib.</p> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/C03_Logic.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>3. Logic — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
- @@ -88,8 +90,8 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <div class="section" id="logic"> - <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">3. </span>Logic<a class="headerlink" href="#logic" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> + <section id="logic"> + <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">3. </span>Logic<a class="headerlink" href="#logic" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> <p>In the last chapter, we dealt with equations, inequalities, and basic mathematical statements like “<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$x$</span> divides <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$y$</span>.”
- @@ -99,8 +101,8 @@ using logical terms like “and,” “or,” “not,”
  “if … then,” “every,” and “some.” In this chapter, we show you how to work with statements that are built up in this way.</p> - <div class="section" id="implication-and-the-universal-quantifier"> - <span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.1. </span>Implication and the Universal Quantifier<a class="headerlink" href="#implication-and-the-universal-quantifier" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + <section id="implication-and-the-universal-quantifier"> + <span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.1. </span>Implication and the Universal Quantifier<a class="headerlink" href="#implication-and-the-universal-quantifier" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>Consider the statement after the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">#check</span></code>:</p> <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">#check</span> <span class="bp">∀</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">ℝ</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="bp">≤</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">→</span> <span class="bp">|</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="bp">|</span> <span class="bp">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> </pre></div>
- @@ -488,9 +490,9 @@ a lemma name.</p>
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="the-existential-quantifier"> - <span id="id3"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.2. </span>The Existential Quantifier<a class="headerlink" href="#the-existential-quantifier" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="the-existential-quantifier"> + <span id="id3"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.2. </span>The Existential Quantifier<a class="headerlink" href="#the-existential-quantifier" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>The existential quantifier, which can be entered as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\ex</span></code> in VS Code, is used to represent the phrase “there exists.” The formal expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">∃</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">ℝ,</span> <span class="pre">2</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">∧</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">3</span></code> in Lean says
- @@ -809,9 +811,9 @@ the composition of surjective functions is surjective.</p>
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="negation"> - <span id="id4"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.3. </span>Negation<a class="headerlink" href="#negation" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="negation"> + <span id="id4"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.3. </span>Negation<a class="headerlink" href="#negation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>The symbol <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">¬</span></code> is meant to express negation, so <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">¬</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">y</span></code> says that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x</span></code> is not less than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">y</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">¬</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">y</span></code> (or, equivalently, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">≠</span> <span class="pre">y</span></code>) says that
- @@ -1074,9 +1076,9 @@ Finally, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contra
  by finding a contradiction in the hypotheses, such as a pair of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">h</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">P</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">h'</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">¬</span> <span class="pre">P</span></code>. Of course, in this example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">linarith</span></code> also works.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="conjunction-and-iff"> - <span id="conjunction-and-biimplication"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.4. </span>Conjunction and Iff<a class="headerlink" href="#conjunction-and-iff" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="conjunction-and-iff"> + <span id="conjunction-and-biimplication"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.4. </span>Conjunction and Iff<a class="headerlink" href="#conjunction-and-iff" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p id="index-18">You have already seen that the conjunction symbol, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">∧</span></code>, is used to express “and.” The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constructor</span></code> tactic allows you to prove a statement of
- @@ -1333,9 +1335,9 @@ to be instantiated to different values.</p>
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="disjunction"> - <span id="id5"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.5. </span>Disjunction<a class="headerlink" href="#disjunction" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="disjunction"> + <span id="id5"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.5. </span>Disjunction<a class="headerlink" href="#disjunction" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p id="index-21">The canonical way to prove a disjunction <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A</span> <span class="pre">∨</span> <span class="pre">B</span></code> is to prove <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A</span></code> or to prove <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">B</span></code>. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">left</span></code> tactic chooses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A</span></code>,
- @@ -1576,9 +1578,9 @@ using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">by_cases</spa
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="sequences-and-convergence"> - <span id="id6"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.6. </span>Sequences and Convergence<a class="headerlink" href="#sequences-and-convergence" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="sequences-and-convergence"> + <span id="id6"></span><h2><span class="section-number">3.6. </span>Sequences and Convergence<a class="headerlink" href="#sequences-and-convergence" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>We now have enough skills at our disposal to do some real mathematics. In Lean, we can represent a sequence <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$s_0, s_1, s_2, \ldots$</span> of real numbers as a function <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">ℕ</span> <span class="pre">→</span> <span class="pre">ℝ</span></code>.
- @@ -1813,8 +1815,8 @@ for dealing with convergence in vastly more general terms,
  not only abstracting away particular features of the domain and codomain, but also abstracting over different types of convergence.</p> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/C04_Sets_and_Functions.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>4. Sets and Functions — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
- @@ -85,8 +87,8 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <div class="section" id="sets-and-functions"> - <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">4. </span>Sets and Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#sets-and-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> + <section id="sets-and-functions"> + <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">4. </span>Sets and Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#sets-and-functions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> <p>The vocabulary of sets, relations, and functions provides a uniform language for carrying out constructions in all the branches of mathematics.
- @@ -118,8 +120,8 @@ such as a set of natural numbers or a set of functions
  from real numbers to real numbers. The distinction between types and sets takes some getting used to, but this chapter will take you through the essentials.</p> - <div class="section" id="sets"> - <span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">4.1. </span>Sets<a class="headerlink" href="#sets" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + <section id="sets"> + <span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">4.1. </span>Sets<a class="headerlink" href="#sets" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p id="index-0">If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">α</span></code> is any type, the type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span> <span class="pre">α</span></code> consists of sets of elements of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">α</span></code>. This type supports the usual set-theoretic operations and relations.
- @@ -177,20 +179,11 @@ entirely:</p>
  <p>What is going on here is known as <em>definitional reduction</em>: to make sense of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">intro</span></code> command and the anonymous constructors Lean is forced to expand the definitions. - The following examples also illustrate the phenomenon:</p> - <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">theorem</span> <span class="n">foo</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="bp">⊆</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="bp">∩</span> <span class="n">u</span> <span class="bp">⊆</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="bp">∩</span> <span class="n">u</span> <span class="o">:=</span> - <span class="k">fun</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">⟨</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">xu</span><span class="o">⟩</span> <span class="bp">↦</span> <span class="o">⟨</span><span class="n">h</span> <span class="n">xs</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">xu</span><span class="o">⟩</span> - - <span class="kd">example</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="bp">⊆</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="bp">∩</span> <span class="n">u</span> <span class="bp">⊆</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="bp">∩</span> <span class="n">u</span> <span class="o">:=</span> + The following example also illustrate the phenomenon:</p> + <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">example</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="bp">⊆</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="bp">∩</span> <span class="n">u</span> <span class="bp">⊆</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="bp">∩</span> <span class="n">u</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">fun</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">⟨</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">xu</span><span class="o">⟩</span> <span class="bp">↦</span> <span class="o">⟨</span><span class="n">h</span> <span class="n">xs</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">xu</span><span class="o">⟩</span> </pre></div> </div> - <p>Due to a quirk of how Lean processes its input, - the first example fails if we replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">theorem</span> <span class="pre">foo</span></code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">example</span></code>. - This illustrates the pitfalls of relying on definitional reduction - too heavily. - It is often convenient, - but sometimes we have to fall back on unfolding definitions manually.</p> <p>To deal with unions, we can use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set.union_def</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set.mem_union</span></code>. Since <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">∈</span> <span class="pre">s</span> <span class="pre">∪</span> <span class="pre">t</span></code> unfolds to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">∈</span> <span class="pre">s</span> <span class="pre">∨</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">∈</span> <span class="pre">t</span></code>, we can also use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cases</span></code> tactic to force a definitional reduction.</p>
- @@ -555,9 +548,9 @@ and intersection.</p>
  </div> <p>In the library, these identities are called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sUnion_eq_biUnion</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sInter_eq_biInter</span></code>.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="functions"> - <span id="id3"></span><h2><span class="section-number">4.2. </span>Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="functions"> + <span id="id3"></span><h2><span class="section-number">4.2. </span>Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#functions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">α</span> <span class="pre">→</span> <span class="pre">β</span></code> is a function and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">p</span></code> is a set of elements of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">β</span></code>, the library defines <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">preimage</span> <span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">p</span></code>, written <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">⁻¹'</span> <span class="pre">p</span></code>,
- @@ -861,9 +854,9 @@ and then fill in the two lines that are missing.</p>
  <span class="n">contradiction</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="the-schroder-bernstein-theorem"> - <span id="the-schroeder-bernstein-theorem"></span><h2><span class="section-number">4.3. </span>The Schröder-Bernstein Theorem<a class="headerlink" href="#the-schroder-bernstein-theorem" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="the-schroder-bernstein-theorem"> + <span id="the-schroeder-bernstein-theorem"></span><h2><span class="section-number">4.3. </span>The Schröder-Bernstein Theorem<a class="headerlink" href="#the-schroder-bernstein-theorem" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>We close this chapter with an elementary but nontrivial theorem of set theory. Let <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$\alpha$</span> and <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$\beta$</span> be sets. (In our formalization, they will actually be types.)
- @@ -1122,8 +1115,8 @@ and the proof uses the fact that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><spa
  <span class="o">⟨</span><span class="n">sbFun</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="n">g</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">sb_injective</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="n">g</span> <span class="n">hf</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">sb_surjective</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="n">g</span> <span class="n">hf</span> <span class="n">hg</span><span class="o">⟩</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/C05_Elementary_Number_Theory.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>5. Elementary Number Theory — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
- @@ -85,15 +87,15 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <div class="section" id="elementary-number-theory"> - <span id="number-theory"></span><h1><span class="section-number">5. </span>Elementary Number Theory<a class="headerlink" href="#elementary-number-theory" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> + <section id="elementary-number-theory"> + <span id="number-theory"></span><h1><span class="section-number">5. </span>Elementary Number Theory<a class="headerlink" href="#elementary-number-theory" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> <p>In this chapter, we show you how to formalize some elementary results in number theory. As we deal with more substantive mathematical content, the proofs will get longer and more involved, building on the skills you have already mastered.</p> - <div class="section" id="irrational-roots"> - <span id="section-irrational-roots"></span><h2><span class="section-number">5.1. </span>Irrational Roots<a class="headerlink" href="#irrational-roots" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + <section id="irrational-roots"> + <span id="section-irrational-roots"></span><h2><span class="section-number">5.1. </span>Irrational Roots<a class="headerlink" href="#irrational-roots" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>Let’s start with a fact known to the ancient Greeks, namely, that the square root of 2 is irrational. If we suppose otherwise,
- @@ -392,9 +394,9 @@ and that it takes values in the extended natural numbers <code class="docutils l
  which adds the value infinity to the natural numbers. In the next chapter, we will begin to develop the means to appreciate the way that Lean supports this sort of generality.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="induction-and-recursion"> - <span id="section-induction-and-recursion"></span><h2><span class="section-number">5.2. </span>Induction and Recursion<a class="headerlink" href="#induction-and-recursion" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="induction-and-recursion"> + <span id="section-induction-and-recursion"></span><h2><span class="section-number">5.2. </span>Induction and Recursion<a class="headerlink" href="#induction-and-recursion" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>The set of natural numbers <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">$\mathbb{N} = \{ 0, 1, 2, \ldots \}$</span> is not only fundamentally important in its own right, but also a plays a central role in the construction of new mathematical objects.
- @@ -697,9 +699,9 @@ The function <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pred</
  <span class="kd">end</span> <span class="n">MyNat</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="infinitely-many-primes"> - <span id="section-infinitely-many-primes"></span><h2><span class="section-number">5.3. </span>Infinitely Many Primes<a class="headerlink" href="#infinitely-many-primes" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="infinitely-many-primes"> + <span id="section-infinitely-many-primes"></span><h2><span class="section-number">5.3. </span>Infinitely Many Primes<a class="headerlink" href="#infinitely-many-primes" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>Let us continue our exploration of induction and recursion with another mathematical standard: a proof that there are infinitely many primes. One way to formulate this is as the statement that
- @@ -1135,8 +1137,8 @@ along the way.</p>
  </div> <p>If you managed to complete the proof, congratulations! This has been a serious feat of formalization.</p> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/C06_Structures.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>6. Structures — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
- @@ -85,8 +87,8 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <div class="section" id="structures"> - <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">6. </span>Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#structures" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> + <section id="structures"> + <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">6. </span>Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#structures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> <p>Modern mathematics makes essential use of algebraic structures, which encapsulate patterns that can be instantiated in
- @@ -105,8 +107,8 @@ It will also show you how to define and use
  algebraic structures on your own.</p> <p>For more technical detail, you can consult <a class="reference external" href="https://leanprover.github.io/theorem_proving_in_lean/">Theorem Proving in Lean</a>, and a paper by Anne Baanen, <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.01629">Use and abuse of instance parameters in the Lean mathematical library</a>.</p> - <div class="section" id="defining-structures"> - <span id="section-structures"></span><h2><span class="section-number">6.1. </span>Defining structures<a class="headerlink" href="#defining-structures" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + <section id="defining-structures"> + <span id="section-structures"></span><h2><span class="section-number">6.1. </span>Defining structures<a class="headerlink" href="#defining-structures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>In the broadest sense of the term, a <em>structure</em> is a specification of a collection of data, possibly with constraints that the data is required to satisfy.
- @@ -465,9 +467,9 @@ as long as we redefine the old accessors in terms of the new definition.
  Moreover, as we are about to see, Lean provides support for weaving structures together into a rich, interconnected hierarchy, and for managing the interactions between them.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="algebraic-structures"> - <span id="section-algebraic-structures"></span><h2><span class="section-number">6.2. </span>Algebraic Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#algebraic-structures" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="algebraic-structures"> + <span id="section-algebraic-structures"></span><h2><span class="section-number">6.2. </span>Algebraic Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#algebraic-structures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>To clarify what we mean by the phrase <em>algebraic structure</em>, it will help to consider some examples.</p> <ol class="arabic simple">
- @@ -1014,9 +1016,9 @@ because it configures automation that invisibly governs the interpretation of
  the expressions we type. When used wisely, however, class inference is a powerful tool. It is what makes algebraic reasoning possible in Lean.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="building-the-gaussian-integers"> - <span id="section-building-the-gaussian-integers"></span><h2><span class="section-number">6.3. </span>Building the Gaussian Integers<a class="headerlink" href="#building-the-gaussian-integers" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="building-the-gaussian-integers"> + <span id="section-building-the-gaussian-integers"></span><h2><span class="section-number">6.3. </span>Building the Gaussian Integers<a class="headerlink" href="#building-the-gaussian-integers" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>We will now illustrate the use of the algebraic hierarchy in Lean by building an important mathematical object, the <em>Gaussian integers</em>, and showing that it is a Euclidean domain. In other words, according to
- @@ -1510,8 +1512,8 @@ the notions of being prime and being irreducible coincide.</p>
  <span class="n">PrincipalIdealRing.irreducible_iff_prime</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/C07_Hierarchies.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>7. Hierarchies — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
- @@ -84,8 +86,8 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <div class="section" id="hierarchies"> - <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">7. </span>Hierarchies<a class="headerlink" href="#hierarchies" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> + <section id="hierarchies"> + <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">7. </span>Hierarchies<a class="headerlink" href="#hierarchies" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> <p>We have seen in <a class="reference internal" href="C06_Structures.html#structures"><span class="std std-numref">Chapter 6</span></a> how to define the class of groups and build instances of this class, and then how to build an instance of the commutative ring class. But of course there is a hierarchy here: a
- @@ -101,8 +103,8 @@ the following chapters and come back here for a second reading.</p>
  so we will used indices to distinguish our version. For instance we will have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ring₁</span></code> as our version of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ring</span></code>. Since we will gradually explain more powerful ways of formalizing structures, those indices will sometimes grow beyond one.</p> - <div class="section" id="basics"> - <span id="section-hierarchies-basics"></span><h2><span class="section-number">7.1. </span>Basics<a class="headerlink" href="#basics" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + <section id="basics"> + <span id="section-hierarchies-basics"></span><h2><span class="section-number">7.1. </span>Basics<a class="headerlink" href="#basics" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>At the very bottom of all hierarchies in Lean, we find data-carrying classes. The following class records that the given type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">α</span></code> is endowed with a distinguished element called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">one</span></code>. At this stage, it has no property at all.</p>
- @@ -217,8 +219,8 @@ this element is neutral on both sides.</p>
  </div> <p>In the next example, we tell Lean that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">α</span></code> has a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DiaOneClass₁</span></code> structure and state a property that uses both a <cite>Dia₁</cite> instance and a <cite>One₁</cite> instance. In order to see how Lean finds - those instances we set a tracing option whose result can be seen in the info view. This result - is rather terse by default but can be expended by clicking one lines ending with black arrows. + those instances we set a tracing option whose result can be seen in the Infoview. This result + is rather terse by default but it can be expanded by clicking on lines ending with black arrows. It includes failed attempts where Lean tried to find instances before having enough type information to succeed. The successful attempts do involve the instances generated by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extends</span></code> syntax.</p>
- @@ -627,9 +629,9 @@ to incorporate a type class <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span cla
  that every preorder comes with a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><₁</span></code> which has a default value built from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">≤₁</span></code> and a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Prop</span></code>-valued field asserting the natural relation between those two comparison operators. -/</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="morphisms"> - <span id="section-hierarchies-morphisms"></span><h2><span class="section-number">7.2. </span>Morphisms<a class="headerlink" href="#morphisms" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="morphisms"> + <span id="section-hierarchies-morphisms"></span><h2><span class="section-number">7.2. </span>Morphisms<a class="headerlink" href="#morphisms" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>So far in this chapter, we discussed how to create a hierarchy of mathematical structures. But defining structures is not really completed until we have morphisms. There are two main approaches here. The most obvious one is to define a predicate on functions.</p>
- @@ -831,9 +833,9 @@ definitions below.</p>
  <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="sub-objects"> - <span id="section-hierarchies-subobjects"></span><h2><span class="section-number">7.3. </span>Sub-objects<a class="headerlink" href="#sub-objects" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="sub-objects"> + <span id="section-hierarchies-subobjects"></span><h2><span class="section-number">7.3. </span>Sub-objects<a class="headerlink" href="#sub-objects" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>After defining some algebraic structure and its morphisms, the next step is to consider sets that inherit this algebraic structure, for instance subgroups or subrings. This largely overlaps with our previous topic. Indeed a set in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code> is implemented as a function from
- @@ -969,8 +971,8 @@ the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@</span></c
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/C08_Groups_and_Rings.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>8. Groups and Rings — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
- @@ -97,8 +99,8 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <div class="section" id="groups-and-rings"> - <span id="groups-and-ring"></span><h1><span class="section-number">8. </span>Groups and Rings<a class="headerlink" href="#groups-and-rings" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> + <section id="groups-and-rings"> + <span id="groups-and-ring"></span><h1><span class="section-number">8. </span>Groups and Rings<a class="headerlink" href="#groups-and-rings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> <p>We saw in <a class="reference internal" href="C02_Basics.html#proving-identities-in-algebraic-structures"><span class="std std-numref">Section 2.2</span></a> how to reason about operations in groups and rings. Later, in <a class="reference internal" href="C06_Structures.html#section-algebraic-structures"><span class="std std-numref">Section 6.2</span></a>, we saw how to define abstract algebraic structures, such as group structures, as well as concrete instances
- @@ -112,10 +114,10 @@ There is some overlap with the discussion of
  decisions behind the way the topics are treated. So making sense of some of the examples may require reviewing the background from <a class="reference internal" href="C07_Hierarchies.html#hierarchies"><span class="std std-numref">Chapter 7</span></a>.</p> - <div class="section" id="monoids-and-groups"> - <span id="groups"></span><h2><span class="section-number">8.1. </span>Monoids and Groups<a class="headerlink" href="#monoids-and-groups" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> - <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><div class="section" id="monoids-and-their-morphisms"> - <span id="index-1"></span><h3><span class="section-number">8.1.1. </span>Monoids and their morphisms<a class="headerlink" href="#monoids-and-their-morphisms" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + <section id="monoids-and-groups"> + <span id="groups"></span><h2><span class="section-number">8.1. </span>Monoids and Groups<a class="headerlink" href="#monoids-and-groups" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> + <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><section id="monoids-and-their-morphisms"> + <span id="index-1"></span><h3><span class="section-number">8.1.1. </span>Monoids and their morphisms<a class="headerlink" href="#monoids-and-their-morphisms" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>Courses in abstract algebra often start with groups and then progress to rings, fields, and vector spaces. This involves some contortions when discussing multiplication on rings since the multiplication operation does not come from a group structure
- @@ -163,9 +165,9 @@ composition to compose maps. Instead, we need to use <code class="docutils liter
  <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="bp">→+</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">g</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="bp">→+</span> <span class="n">P</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="bp">→+</span> <span class="n">P</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">g.comp</span> <span class="n">f</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="groups-and-their-morphisms"> - <h3><span class="section-number">8.1.2. </span>Groups and their morphisms<a class="headerlink" href="#groups-and-their-morphisms" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="groups-and-their-morphisms"> + <h3><span class="section-number">8.1.2. </span>Groups and their morphisms<a class="headerlink" href="#groups-and-their-morphisms" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>We will have much more to say about groups, which are monoids with the extra property that every element has an inverse.</p> <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">example</span> <span class="o">{</span><span class="n">G</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="kt">Type</span><span class="bp">*</span><span class="o">}</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="n">Group</span> <span class="n">G</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">G</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">*</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="bp">⁻¹</span> <span class="bp">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">mul_inv_self</span> <span class="n">x</span>
- @@ -226,9 +228,9 @@ Doing so makes the inverse function noncomputable.</p>
  <span class="n">MulEquiv.ofBijective</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="n">h</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="subgroups"> - <h3><span class="section-number">8.1.3. </span>Subgroups<a class="headerlink" href="#subgroups" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="subgroups"> + <h3><span class="section-number">8.1.3. </span>Subgroups<a class="headerlink" href="#subgroups" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>Just as group morphisms are bundled, a subgroup of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">G</span></code> is also a bundled structure consisting of a set in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">G</span></code> with the relevant closure properties.</p> <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">example</span> <span class="o">{</span><span class="n">G</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="kt">Type</span><span class="bp">*</span><span class="o">}</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="n">Group</span> <span class="n">G</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">H</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">Subgroup</span> <span class="n">G</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">G</span><span class="o">}</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">hx</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="bp">∈</span> <span class="n">H</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">hy</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="bp">∈</span> <span class="n">H</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">:</span>
- @@ -415,9 +417,9 @@ so do not use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exact
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="concrete-groups"> - <h3><span class="section-number">8.1.4. </span>Concrete groups<a class="headerlink" href="#concrete-groups" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="concrete-groups"> + <h3><span class="section-number">8.1.4. </span>Concrete groups<a class="headerlink" href="#concrete-groups" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>One can also manipulate concrete groups in Mathlib, although this is typically more complicated than working with the abstract theory. For instance, given any type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code>, the group of permutations of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Equiv.Perm</span> <span class="pre">X</span></code>.
- @@ -492,9 +494,9 @@ to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PresentedGroup.t
  <span class="kd">end</span> <span class="n">FreeGroup</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="group-actions"> - <h3><span class="section-number">8.1.5. </span>Group actions<a class="headerlink" href="#group-actions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="group-actions"> + <h3><span class="section-number">8.1.5. </span>Group actions<a class="headerlink" href="#group-actions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>One important way that group theory interacts with the rest of mathematics is through the use of group actions. An action of a group <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">G</span></code> on some type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code> is nothing more than a morphism from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">G</span></code> to
- @@ -590,9 +592,9 @@ conjugation, using our definition of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">
  <span class="kd">end</span> <span class="n">GroupActions</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="quotient-groups"> - <span id="id1"></span><h3><span class="section-number">8.1.6. </span>Quotient groups<a class="headerlink" href="#quotient-groups" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="quotient-groups"> + <span id="id1"></span><h3><span class="section-number">8.1.6. </span>Quotient groups<a class="headerlink" href="#quotient-groups" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>In the above discussion of subgroups acting on groups, we saw the quotient <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">G</span> <span class="pre">⧸</span> <span class="pre">H</span></code> appear. In general this is only a type. It can be endowed with a group structure such that the quotient map is a group morphism if and only if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H</span></code> is a normal subgroup (and this group structure is
- @@ -692,12 +694,12 @@ morphisms from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">G&#8
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="rings"> - <span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">8.2. </span>Rings<a class="headerlink" href="#rings" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> - <div class="section" id="rings-their-units-morphisms-and-subrings"> - <span id="index-4"></span><h3><span class="section-number">8.2.1. </span>Rings, their units, morphisms and subrings<a class="headerlink" href="#rings-their-units-morphisms-and-subrings" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + </section> + <section id="rings"> + <span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">8.2. </span>Rings<a class="headerlink" href="#rings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> + <section id="rings-their-units-morphisms-and-subrings"> + <span id="index-4"></span><h3><span class="section-number">8.2.1. </span>Rings, their units, morphisms and subrings<a class="headerlink" href="#rings-their-units-morphisms-and-subrings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>The type of ring structures on a type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">R</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ring</span> <span class="pre">R</span></code>. The variant where multiplication is assumed to be commutative is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CommRing</span> <span class="pre">R</span></code>. We have already seen that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ring</span></code> tactic will prove any equality that follows from the axioms of a commutative ring.</p>
- @@ -752,9 +754,9 @@ a subring.</p>
  </pre></div> </div> <p>Also notice that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RingHom.range</span></code> produces a subring.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="ideals-and-quotients"> - <h3><span class="section-number">8.2.2. </span>Ideals and quotients<a class="headerlink" href="#ideals-and-quotients" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="ideals-and-quotients"> + <h3><span class="section-number">8.2.2. </span>Ideals and quotients<a class="headerlink" href="#ideals-and-quotients" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>For historical reasons, Mathlib only has a theory of ideals for commutative rings. (The ring library was originally developed to make quick progress toward the foundations of modern algebraic geometry.) So in this section we will work with commutative (semi)rings.
- @@ -925,9 +927,9 @@ Remember that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">r
  <span class="n">chineseMap</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="o">}</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="algebras-and-polynomials"> - <h3><span class="section-number">8.2.3. </span>Algebras and polynomials<a class="headerlink" href="#algebras-and-polynomials" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="algebras-and-polynomials"> + <h3><span class="section-number">8.2.3. </span>Algebras and polynomials<a class="headerlink" href="#algebras-and-polynomials" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>Given a commutative (semi)ring <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">R</span></code>, an <em>algebra over</em> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">R</span></code> is a semiring <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A</span></code> equipped with a ring morphism whose image commutes with every element of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A</span></code>. This is encoded as a type class <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Algebra</span> <span class="pre">R</span> <span class="pre">A</span></code>.
- @@ -1101,9 +1103,9 @@ determined by the number of arguments and some type <code class="docutils litera
  <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">example</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">MvPolynomial.eval</span> <span class="bp">!</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="n">circleEquation</span> <span class="bp">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">by</span> <span class="n">simp</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="n">circleEquation</span><span class="o">]</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/C09_Topology.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>9. Topology — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
- @@ -97,8 +99,8 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <span class="target" id="topology"></span><div class="section" id="index-0"> - <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">9. </span>Topology<a class="headerlink" href="#index-0" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> + <span class="target" id="topology"></span><section id="index-0"> + <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">9. </span>Topology<a class="headerlink" href="#index-0" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> <p>Calculus is based on the concept of a function, which is used to model quantities that depend on one another. For example, it is common to study quantities that change over time.
- @@ -165,8 +167,8 @@ and simply note that the rest can be proved “in the same way.”
  Formalizing mathematics requires making the relevant notion of “sameness” fully explicit, and that is exactly what Bourbaki’s theory of filters manages to do.</p> - <div class="section" id="filters"> - <span id="index-1"></span><span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">9.1. </span>Filters<a class="headerlink" href="#filters" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + <section id="filters"> + <span id="index-1"></span><span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">9.1. </span>Filters<a class="headerlink" href="#filters" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>A <em>filter</em> on a type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code> is a collection of sets of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code> that satisfies three conditions that we will spell out below. The notion supports two related ideas:</p>
- @@ -518,9 +520,9 @@ by definition, the assumption <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span c
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="metric-spaces"> - <span id="index-2"></span><span id="id3"></span><h2><span class="section-number">9.2. </span>Metric spaces<a class="headerlink" href="#metric-spaces" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="metric-spaces"> + <span id="index-2"></span><span id="id3"></span><h2><span class="section-number">9.2. </span>Metric spaces<a class="headerlink" href="#metric-spaces" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>Examples in the previous section focus on sequences of real numbers. In this section we will go up a bit in generality and focus on metric spaces. A metric space is a type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code> equipped with a distance function <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dist</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">X</span> <span class="pre">→</span> <span class="pre">X</span> <span class="pre">→</span> <span class="pre">ℝ</span></code> which is a generalization of the function <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fun</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">y</span> <span class="pre">↦</span> <span class="pre">|x</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">y|</span></code> from the case where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">ℝ</span></code>.</p>
- @@ -538,8 +540,8 @@ the function <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fun</s
  They are called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EMetricSpace</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PseudoMetricSpace</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PseudoEMetricSpace</span></code> respectively (here “e” stands for “extended”).</p> <p>Note that our journey from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ℝ</span></code> to metric spaces jumped over the special case of normed spaces that also require linear algebra and will be explained as part of the calculus chapter.</p> - <div class="section" id="convergence-and-continuity"> - <h3><span class="section-number">9.2.1. </span>Convergence and continuity<a class="headerlink" href="#convergence-and-continuity" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + <section id="convergence-and-continuity"> + <h3><span class="section-number">9.2.1. </span>Convergence and continuity<a class="headerlink" href="#convergence-and-continuity" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>Using distance functions, we can already define convergent sequences and continuous functions between metric spaces. They are actually defined in a more general setting covered in the next section, but we have lemmas recasting the definition is terms of distances.</p>
- @@ -626,9 +628,9 @@ and get our final proof, now bordering obfuscation.</p>
  <span class="n">Metric.continuousAt_iff</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="balls-open-sets-and-closed-sets"> - <h3><span class="section-number">9.2.2. </span>Balls, open sets and closed sets<a class="headerlink" href="#balls-open-sets-and-closed-sets" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="balls-open-sets-and-closed-sets"> + <h3><span class="section-number">9.2.2. </span>Balls, open sets and closed sets<a class="headerlink" href="#balls-open-sets-and-closed-sets" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>Once we have a distance function, the most important geometric definitions are (open) balls and closed balls.</p> <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">variable</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">ℝ</span><span class="o">)</span>
- @@ -683,9 +685,9 @@ argument so we can invoke <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class
  <span class="n">Metric.nhds_basis_closedBall.mem_iff</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="compactness"> - <h3><span class="section-number">9.2.3. </span>Compactness<a class="headerlink" href="#compactness" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="compactness"> + <h3><span class="section-number">9.2.3. </span>Compactness<a class="headerlink" href="#compactness" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>Compactness is an important topological notion. It distinguishes subsets of a metric space that enjoy the same kind of properties as segments in reals compared to other intervals:</p> <ul class="simple">
- @@ -726,9 +728,9 @@ are deduced from more general versions, some of which will be discussed in later
  </pre></div> </div> <p>In a compact metric space any closed set is compact, this is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IsClosed.isCompact</span></code>.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="uniformly-continuous-functions"> - <h3><span class="section-number">9.2.4. </span>Uniformly continuous functions<a class="headerlink" href="#uniformly-continuous-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="uniformly-continuous-functions"> + <h3><span class="section-number">9.2.4. </span>Uniformly continuous functions<a class="headerlink" href="#uniformly-continuous-functions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>We now turn to uniformity notions on metric spaces : uniformly continuous functions, Cauchy sequences and completeness. Again those are defined in a more general context but we have lemmas in the metric name space to access their elementary definitions. We start with uniform continuity.</p>
- @@ -757,9 +759,9 @@ of the distance function on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span cla
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="completeness"> - <h3><span class="section-number">9.2.5. </span>Completeness<a class="headerlink" href="#completeness" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="completeness"> + <h3><span class="section-number">9.2.5. </span>Completeness<a class="headerlink" href="#completeness" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>A Cauchy sequence in a metric space is a sequence whose terms get closer and closer to each other. There are a couple of equivalent ways to state that idea. In particular converging sequences are Cauchy. The converse is true only in so-called <em>complete</em>
- @@ -848,12 +850,12 @@ define something inductively in the middle of a proof using <code class="docutil
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="topological-spaces"> - <span id="index-4"></span><span id="id4"></span><h2><span class="section-number">9.3. </span>Topological spaces<a class="headerlink" href="#topological-spaces" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> - <div class="section" id="fundamentals"> - <h3><span class="section-number">9.3.1. </span>Fundamentals<a class="headerlink" href="#fundamentals" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + </section> + <section id="topological-spaces"> + <span id="index-4"></span><span id="id4"></span><h2><span class="section-number">9.3. </span>Topological spaces<a class="headerlink" href="#topological-spaces" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> + <section id="fundamentals"> + <h3><span class="section-number">9.3.1. </span>Fundamentals<a class="headerlink" href="#fundamentals" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>We now go up in generality and introduce topological spaces. We will review the two main ways to define topological spaces and then explain how the category of topological spaces is much better behaved than the category of metric spaces. Note that we won’t be using Mathlib category theory here, only having
- @@ -1041,9 +1043,9 @@ Let us explore that constraint “on paper” using notation <span class
  </div> <p>This ends our tour of how Mathlib thinks that topological spaces fix defects of the theory of metric spaces by being a more functorial theory and having a complete lattice structure for any fixed type.</p> - </div> - <div class="section" id="separation-and-countability"> - <h3><span class="section-number">9.3.2. </span>Separation and countability<a class="headerlink" href="#separation-and-countability" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="separation-and-countability"> + <h3><span class="section-number">9.3.2. </span>Separation and countability<a class="headerlink" href="#separation-and-countability" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>We saw that the category of topological spaces have very nice properties. The price to pay for this is existence of rather pathological topological spaces. There are a number of assumptions you can make on a topological space to ensure its behavior
- @@ -1130,9 +1132,9 @@ of sets can be understood using sequences.</p>
  <span class="n">mem_closure_iff_seq_limit</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="id5"> - <h3><span class="section-number">9.3.3. </span>Compactness<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="id5"> + <h3><span class="section-number">9.3.3. </span>Compactness<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>Let us now discuss how compactness is defined for topological spaces. As usual there are several ways to think about it and Mathlib goes for the filter version.</p> <p>We first need to define cluster points of filters. Given a filter <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">F</span></code> on a topological space <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code>,
- @@ -1188,9 +1190,9 @@ cover <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></cod
  <span class="n">hs.elim_finite_subcover</span> <span class="n">U</span> <span class="n">hUo</span> <span class="n">hsU</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/C10_Differential_Calculus.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>10. Differential Calculus — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
- @@ -90,8 +92,8 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <span class="target" id="differential-calculus"></span><div class="section" id="index-0"> - <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">10. </span>Differential Calculus<a class="headerlink" href="#index-0" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> + <span class="target" id="differential-calculus"></span><section id="index-0"> + <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">10. </span>Differential Calculus<a class="headerlink" href="#index-0" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> <p>We now consider the formalization of notions from <em>analysis</em>, starting with differentiation in this chapter and turning integration and measure theory in the next.
- @@ -100,8 +102,8 @@ setting of functions from the real numbers to the real numbers,
  which is familiar from any introductory calculus class. In <a class="reference internal" href="#normed-spaces"><span class="std std-numref">Section 10.2</span></a>, we then consider the notion of a derivative in a much broader setting.</p> - <div class="section" id="elementary-differential-calculus"> - <span id="index-1"></span><span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">10.1. </span>Elementary Differential Calculus<a class="headerlink" href="#elementary-differential-calculus" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + <section id="elementary-differential-calculus"> + <span id="index-1"></span><span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">10.1. </span>Elementary Differential Calculus<a class="headerlink" href="#elementary-differential-calculus" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>Let <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f</span></code> be a function from the reals to the reals. There is a difference between talking about the derivative of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f</span></code> at a single point and talking about the derivative function.
- @@ -174,11 +176,11 @@ seems even weirder.</p>
  <span class="kd">example</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">deriv</span> <span class="n">sin</span> <span class="n">π</span> <span class="bp">=</span> <span class="bp">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">by</span> <span class="n">simp</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="differential-calculus-in-normed-spaces"> - <span id="normed-spaces"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">10.2. </span>Differential Calculus in Normed Spaces<a class="headerlink" href="#differential-calculus-in-normed-spaces" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> - <div class="section" id="id3"> - <h3><span class="section-number">10.2.1. </span>Normed spaces<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="differential-calculus-in-normed-spaces"> + <span id="normed-spaces"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">10.2. </span>Differential Calculus in Normed Spaces<a class="headerlink" href="#differential-calculus-in-normed-spaces" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> + <section id="id3"> + <h3><span class="section-number">10.2.1. </span>Normed spaces<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>Differentiation can be generalized beyond <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ℝ</span></code> using the notion of a <em>normed vector space</em>, which encapsulates both direction and distance. We start with the notion of a <em>normed group</em>, which as an additive commutative
- @@ -241,9 +243,9 @@ complete as long as the field itself is complete.</p>
  <span class="n">FiniteDimensional.complete</span> <span class="bp">𝕜</span> <span class="n">E</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="continuous-linear-maps"> - <h3><span class="section-number">10.2.2. </span>Continuous linear maps<a class="headerlink" href="#continuous-linear-maps" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="continuous-linear-maps"> + <h3><span class="section-number">10.2.2. </span>Continuous linear maps<a class="headerlink" href="#continuous-linear-maps" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>We now turn to the morphisms in the category of normed spaces, namely, continuous linear maps. In Mathlib, the type of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">𝕜</span></code>-linear continuous maps between normed spaces
- @@ -323,9 +325,9 @@ Minor ingredients include <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class
  <span class="gr">sorry</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="asymptotic-comparisons"> - <h3><span class="section-number">10.2.3. </span>Asymptotic comparisons<a class="headerlink" href="#asymptotic-comparisons" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="asymptotic-comparisons"> + <h3><span class="section-number">10.2.3. </span>Asymptotic comparisons<a class="headerlink" href="#asymptotic-comparisons" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>Defining differentiability also requires asymptotic comparisons. Mathlib has an extensive library covering the big O and little o relations, whose definitions are shown below.
- @@ -351,9 +353,9 @@ Here we will only use little o to define differentiability.</p>
  <span class="n">Iff.rfl</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="differentiability"> - <h3><span class="section-number">10.2.4. </span>Differentiability<a class="headerlink" href="#differentiability" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3> + </section> + <section id="differentiability"> + <h3><span class="section-number">10.2.4. </span>Differentiability<a class="headerlink" href="#differentiability" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> <p>We are now ready to discuss differentiable functions between normed spaces. In analogy the elementary one-dimensional, Mathlib defines a predicate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HasFDerivAt</span></code> and a function <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fderiv</span></code>.
- @@ -436,9 +438,9 @@ For example, you may want to use one-sided derivatives in the
  one-dimensional setting. The means to do so are found in Mathlib in a more general context; see <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HasFDerivWithinAt</span></code> or the even more general <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HasFDerivAtFilter</span></code>.</p> - </div> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/C11_Integration_and_Measure_Theory.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>11. Integration and Measure Theory — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
- @@ -85,10 +87,10 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <span class="target" id="integration-and-measure-theory"></span><div class="section" id="index-0"> - <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">11. </span>Integration and Measure Theory<a class="headerlink" href="#index-0" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> - <div class="section" id="elementary-integration"> - <span id="index-1"></span><span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">11.1. </span>Elementary Integration<a class="headerlink" href="#elementary-integration" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + <span class="target" id="integration-and-measure-theory"></span><section id="index-0"> + <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">11. </span>Integration and Measure Theory<a class="headerlink" href="#index-0" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> + <section id="elementary-integration"> + <span id="index-1"></span><span id="id2"></span><h2><span class="section-number">11.1. </span>Elementary Integration<a class="headerlink" href="#elementary-integration" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>We first focus on integration of functions on finite intervals in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ℝ</span></code>. We can integrate elementary functions.</p> <div class="highlight-lean notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">open</span> <span class="n">MeasureTheory</span> <span class="n">intervalIntegral</span>
- @@ -125,9 +127,9 @@ which are not shown here, are not equivalent.)</p>
  <span class="n">rfl</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="measure-theory"> - <span id="index-2"></span><span id="id3"></span><h2><span class="section-number">11.2. </span>Measure Theory<a class="headerlink" href="#measure-theory" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="measure-theory"> + <span id="index-2"></span><span id="id3"></span><h2><span class="section-number">11.2. </span>Measure Theory<a class="headerlink" href="#measure-theory" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>The general context for integration in Mathlib is measure theory. Even the elementary integrals of the previous section are in fact Bochner integrals. Bochner integration is a generalization of Lebesgue integration where the target space can be any Banach space,
- @@ -202,9 +204,9 @@ almost everywhere.</p>
  <span class="n">Iff.rfl</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - <div class="section" id="integration"> - <span id="id4"></span><h2><span class="section-number">11.3. </span>Integration<a class="headerlink" href="#integration" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> + </section> + <section id="integration"> + <span id="id4"></span><h2><span class="section-number">11.3. </span>Integration<a class="headerlink" href="#integration" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> <p>Now that we have measurable spaces and measures we can consider integrals. As explained above, Mathlib uses a very general notion of integration that allows any Banach space as the target.
- @@ -279,8 +281,8 @@ gives finite mass to compact sets, and give positive mass to open sets.</p>
  <span class="n">integral_image_eq_integral_abs_det_fderiv_smul</span> <span class="n">μ</span> <span class="n">hs</span> <span class="n">hf</span> <span class="n">h_inj</span> <span class="n">g</span> </pre></div> </div> - </div> - </div> + </section> + </section> </div>
html/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js (new)
- @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
  + /* + * _sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * WILL BE REMOVED IN Sphinx 6.0 + * xref RemovedInSphinx60Warning + * + */ + + /** + * select a different prefix for underscore + */ + $u = _.noConflict(); + + + /** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ + jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); + }; + + /** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ + jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + + /** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ + jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; + }; + + /** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ + jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; + }; + + /* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ + if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; + }
html/_static/basic.css
- @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ table.modindextable td {
  /* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ div.body { - min-width: 450px; + min-width: 360px; max-width: 800px; }
- @@ -335,13 +335,13 @@ p.sidebar-title {
  font-weight: bold; } - div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + div.admonition, div.topic, aside.topic, blockquote { clear: left; } /* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ - div.topic { + div.topic, aside.topic { border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 7px; margin: 10px 0 10px 0;
- @@ -380,6 +380,7 @@ div.body p.centered {
  div.sidebar > :last-child, aside.sidebar > :last-child, div.topic > :last-child, + aside.topic > :last-child, div.admonition > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
- @@ -387,6 +388,7 @@ div.admonition > :last-child {
  div.sidebar::after, aside.sidebar::after, div.topic::after, + aside.topic::after, div.admonition::after, blockquote::after { display: block;
- @@ -428,10 +430,6 @@ table.docutils td, table.docutils th {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; } - table.footnote td, table.footnote th { - border: 0 !important; - } - th { text-align: left; padding-right: 5px;
- @@ -615,6 +613,7 @@ ul.simple p {
  margin-bottom: 0; } + /* Docutils 0.17 and older (footnotes & citations) */ dl.footnote > dt, dl.citation > dt { float: left;
- @@ -632,6 +631,33 @@ dl.citation > dd:after {
  clear: both; } + /* Docutils 0.18+ (footnotes & citations) */ + aside.footnote > span, + div.citation > span { + float: left; + } + aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, + div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; + } + aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; + } + div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; + } + aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, + div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; + } + aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, + div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; + } + + /* Footnotes & citations ends */ + dl.field-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto;
html/_static/doctools.js
- @@ -2,325 +2,263 @@
  * doctools.js * ~~~~~~~~~~~ * - * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for all documentation. + * Base JavaScript utilities for all Sphinx HTML documentation. * * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. * */ + "use strict"; - /** - * select a different prefix for underscore - */ - $u = _.noConflict(); - - /** - * make the code below compatible with browsers without - * an installed firebug like debugger - if (!window.console || !console.firebug) { - var names = ["log", "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "assert", "dir", - "dirxml", "group", "groupEnd", "time", "timeEnd", "count", "trace", - "profile", "profileEnd"]; - window.console = {}; - for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) - window.console[names[i]] = function() {}; - } - */ - - /** - * small helper function to urldecode strings - * - * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL - */ - jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { - if (!x) { - return x + const _ready = (callback) => { + if (document.readyState !== "loading") { + callback(); + } else { + document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", callback); } - return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); }; /** - * small helper function to urlencode strings + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. */ - jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; - /** - * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the - * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, - * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. - */ - jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { - if (typeof s === 'undefined') - s = document.location.search; - var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); - var result = {}; - for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { - var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); - var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); - var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); - if (key in result) - result[key].push(value); - else - result[key] = [value]; - } - return result; - }; + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } - /** - * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in - * span elements with the given class name. - */ - jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { - function highlight(node, addItems) { - if (node.nodeType === 3) { - var val = node.nodeValue; - var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); - if (pos >= 0 && - !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && - !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { - var span; - var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); - if (isInSVG) { - span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); - } else { - span = document.createElement("span"); - span.className = className; - } - span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); - node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), - node.nextSibling)); - node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); - if (isInSVG) { - var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); - var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); - rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; - rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; - rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; - rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; - rect.setAttribute('class', className); - addItems.push({ - "parent": node.parentNode, - "target": rect}); - } + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); } } - else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { - jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { - highlight(this, addItems); - }); - } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); } - var addItems = []; - var result = this.each(function() { - highlight(this, addItems); - }); - for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { - jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); - } - return result; }; - - /* - * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser - * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. - */ - if (!jQuery.browser) { - jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { - ua = ua.toLowerCase(); - - var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || - /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || - /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || - /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || - ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || - []; - - return { - browser: match[ 1 ] || "", - version: match[ 2 ] || "0" - }; - }; - jQuery.browser = {}; - jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; - } + const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); + }; /** * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. */ - var Documentation = { - - init : function() { - this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug(); - this.highlightSearchWords(); - this.initIndexTable(); - if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) { - this.initOnKeyListeners(); - } + const Documentation = { + init: () => { + Documentation.highlightSearchWords(); + Documentation.initDomainIndexTable(); + Documentation.initOnKeyListeners(); }, /** * i18n support */ - TRANSLATIONS : {}, - PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n === 1 ? 0 : 1; }, - LOCALE : 'unknown', + TRANSLATIONS: {}, + PLURAL_EXPR: (n) => (n === 1 ? 0 : 1), + LOCALE: "unknown", // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) - gettext : function(string) { - var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; - if (typeof translated === 'undefined') - return string; - return (typeof translated === 'string') ? translated : translated[0]; - }, - - ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) { - var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; - if (typeof translated === 'undefined') - return (n == 1) ? singular : plural; - return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)]; - }, - - addTranslations : function(catalog) { - for (var key in catalog.messages) - this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key]; - this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')'); - this.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + gettext: (string) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + switch (typeof translated) { + case "undefined": + return string; // no translation + case "string": + return translated; // translation exists + default: + return translated[0]; // (singular, plural) translation tuple exists + } }, - /** - * add context elements like header anchor links - */ - addContextElements : function() { - $('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() { - $('<a class="headerlink">\u00B6</a>'). - attr('href', '#' + this.id). - attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')). - appendTo(this); - }); - $('dt[id]').each(function() { - $('<a class="headerlink">\u00B6</a>'). - attr('href', '#' + this.id). - attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')). - appendTo(this); - }); + ngettext: (singular, plural, n) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated !== "undefined") + return translated[Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR(n)]; + return n === 1 ? singular : plural; }, - /** - * workaround a firefox stupidity - * see: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=645075 - */ - fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() { - if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla) - window.setTimeout(function() { - document.location.href += ''; - }, 10); + addTranslations: (catalog) => { + Object.assign(Documentation.TRANSLATIONS, catalog.messages); + Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function( + "n", + `return (${catalog.plural_expr})` + ); + Documentation.LOCALE = catalog.locale; }, /** * highlight the search words provided in the url in the text */ - highlightSearchWords : function() { - var params = $.getQueryParameters(); - var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : []; - if (terms.length) { - var body = $('div.body'); - if (!body.length) { - body = $('body'); - } - window.setTimeout(function() { - $.each(terms, function() { - body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted'); - }); - }, 10); - $('<p class="highlight-link"><a href="javascript:Documentation.' + - 'hideSearchWords()">' + _('Hide Search Matches') + '</a></p>') - .appendTo($('#searchbox')); - } - }, + highlightSearchWords: () => { + const highlight = + new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("highlight") || ""; + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do - /** - * init the domain index toggle buttons - */ - initIndexTable : function() { - var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() { - var src = $(this).attr('src'); - var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7); - $('tr.cg-' + idnum).toggle(); - if (src.substr(-9) === 'minus.png') - $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-9) + 'plus.png'); - else - $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-8) + 'minus.png'); - }).css('display', ''); - if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) { - togglers.click(); - } + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '<p class="highlight-link">' + + '<a href="javascript:Documentation.hideSearchWords()">' + + Documentation.gettext("Hide Search Matches") + + "</a></p>" + ) + ); }, /** * helper function to hide the search marks again */ - hideSearchWords : function() { - $('#searchbox .highlight-link').fadeOut(300); - $('span.highlighted').removeClass('highlighted'); - var url = new URL(window.location); - url.searchParams.delete('highlight'); - window.history.replaceState({}, '', url); + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + const url = new URL(window.location); + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); }, /** - * make the url absolute + * helper function to focus on search bar */ - makeURL : function(relativeURL) { - return DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '/' + relativeURL; + focusSearchBar: () => { + document.querySelectorAll("input[name=q]")[0]?.focus(); }, /** - * get the current relative url + * Initialise the domain index toggle buttons */ - getCurrentURL : function() { - var path = document.location.pathname; - var parts = path.split(/\//); - $.each(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT.split(/\//), function() { - if (this === '..') - parts.pop(); - }); - var url = parts.join('/'); - return path.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, path.length - 1); + initDomainIndexTable: () => { + const toggler = (el) => { + const idNumber = el.id.substr(7); + const toggledRows = document.querySelectorAll(`tr.cg-${idNumber}`); + if (el.src.substr(-9) === "minus.png") { + el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 9)}plus.png`; + toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "none")); + } else { + el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 8)}minus.png`; + toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "")); + } + }; + + const togglerElements = document.querySelectorAll("img.toggler"); + togglerElements.forEach((el) => + el.addEventListener("click", (event) => toggler(event.currentTarget)) + ); + togglerElements.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "")); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) togglerElements.forEach(toggler); }, - initOnKeyListeners: function() { - $(document).keydown(function(event) { - var activeElementType = document.activeElement.tagName; - // don't navigate when in search box, textarea, dropdown or button - if (activeElementType !== 'TEXTAREA' && activeElementType !== 'INPUT' && activeElementType !== 'SELECT' - && activeElementType !== 'BUTTON' && !event.altKey && !event.ctrlKey && !event.metaKey - && !event.shiftKey) { - switch (event.keyCode) { - case 37: // left - var prevHref = $('link[rel="prev"]').prop('href'); - if (prevHref) { - window.location.href = prevHref; - return false; + initOnKeyListeners: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if ( + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS && + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS + ) + return; + + const blacklistedElements = new Set([ + "TEXTAREA", + "INPUT", + "SELECT", + "BUTTON", + ]); + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + if (blacklistedElements.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; // bail for input elements + if (event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; // bail with special keys + + if (!event.shiftKey) { + switch (event.key) { + case "ArrowLeft": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break; + + const prevLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="prev"]'); + if (prevLink && prevLink.href) { + window.location.href = prevLink.href; + event.preventDefault(); } break; - case 39: // right - var nextHref = $('link[rel="next"]').prop('href'); - if (nextHref) { - window.location.href = nextHref; - return false; + case "ArrowRight": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break; + + const nextLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="next"]'); + if (nextLink && nextLink.href) { + window.location.href = nextLink.href; + event.preventDefault(); } break; + case "Escape": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) break; + Documentation.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); } } + + // some keyboard layouts may need Shift to get / + switch (event.key) { + case "/": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) break; + Documentation.focusSearchBar(); + event.preventDefault(); + } }); - } + }, }; // quick alias for translations - _ = Documentation.gettext; + const _ = Documentation.gettext; - $(document).ready(function() { - Documentation.init(); - }); + _ready(Documentation.init);
html/_static/documentation_options.js
- @@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
  var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: document.getElementById("documentation_options").getAttribute('data-url_root'), VERSION: '0.1', - LANGUAGE: 'None', + LANGUAGE: 'en', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, BUILDER: 'html', FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', LINK_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true, SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '.txt', - NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false + NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false, + SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY: true, + ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: false, };
html/_static/jquery-3.5.1.js > html/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js
- @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
  /*! - * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.5.1 + * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.6.0 * https://jquery.com/ * * Includes Sizzle.js * https://sizzlejs.com/ * - * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors * Released under the MIT license * https://jquery.org/license * - * Date: 2020-05-04T22:49Z + * Date: 2021-03-02T17:08Z */ ( function( global, factory ) {
- @@ -76,12 +76,16 @@ var support = {};
  var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) { - // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52 - // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML <object> elements - // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`). - // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function. - return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number"; - }; + // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52 + // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML <object> elements + // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`). + // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function. + // Support: QtWeb <=3.8.5, WebKit <=534.34, wkhtmltopdf tool <=0.12.5 + // Plus for old WebKit, typeof returns "function" for HTML collections + // (e.g., `typeof document.getElementsByTagName("div") === "function"`). (gh-4756) + return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number" && + typeof obj.item !== "function"; + }; var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) {
- @@ -147,7 +151,7 @@ function toType( obj ) {
  var - version = "3.5.1", + version = "3.6.0", // Define a local copy of jQuery jQuery = function( selector, context ) {
- @@ -401,7 +405,7 @@ jQuery.extend( {
  if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { jQuery.merge( ret, typeof arr === "string" ? - [ arr ] : arr + [ arr ] : arr ); } else { push.call( ret, arr );
- @@ -496,9 +500,9 @@ if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) {
  // Populate the class2type map jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), - function( _i, name ) { - class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); - } ); + function( _i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); + } ); function isArrayLike( obj ) {
- @@ -518,14 +522,14 @@ function isArrayLike( obj ) {
  } var Sizzle = /*! - * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.5 + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.6 * https://sizzlejs.com/ * * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors * Released under the MIT license * https://js.foundation/ * - * Date: 2020-03-14 + * Date: 2021-02-16 */ ( function( window ) { var i,
- @@ -1108,8 +1112,8 @@ support = Sizzle.support = {};
  * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node */ isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { - var namespace = elem.namespaceURI, - docElem = ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement; + var namespace = elem && elem.namespaceURI, + docElem = elem && ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement; // Support: IE <=8 // Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes
- @@ -3024,9 +3028,9 @@ var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext;
  function nodeName( elem, name ) { - return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); - }; + } var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i );
- @@ -3997,8 +4001,8 @@ jQuery.extend( {
  resolveContexts = Array( i ), resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), - // the master Deferred - master = jQuery.Deferred(), + // the primary Deferred + primary = jQuery.Deferred(), // subordinate callback factory updateFunc = function( i ) {
- @@ -4006,30 +4010,30 @@ jQuery.extend( {
  resolveContexts[ i ] = this; resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; if ( !( --remaining ) ) { - master.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + primary.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); } }; }; // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve if ( remaining <= 1 ) { - adoptValue( singleValue, master.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, master.reject, + adoptValue( singleValue, primary.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, primary.reject, !remaining ); // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) - if ( master.state() === "pending" || + if ( primary.state() === "pending" || isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { - return master.then(); + return primary.then(); } } // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements while ( i-- ) { - adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), master.reject ); + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), primary.reject ); } - return master.promise(); + return primary.promise(); } } );
- @@ -4180,8 +4184,8 @@ var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) {
  for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { fn( elems[ i ], key, raw ? - value : - value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) ); } }
- @@ -5089,10 +5093,7 @@ function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) {
  } - var - rkeyEvent = /^key/, - rmouseEvent = /^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu|drag|drop)|click/, - rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + var rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; function returnTrue() { return true;
- @@ -5387,8 +5388,8 @@ jQuery.event = {
  event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ), handlers = ( - dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) - )[ event.type ] || [], + dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] || [], special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event
- @@ -5512,12 +5513,12 @@ jQuery.event = {
  get: isFunction( hook ) ? function() { if ( this.originalEvent ) { - return hook( this.originalEvent ); + return hook( this.originalEvent ); } } : function() { if ( this.originalEvent ) { - return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; } },
- @@ -5656,7 +5657,13 @@ function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) {
  // Cancel the outer synthetic event event.stopImmediatePropagation(); event.preventDefault(); - return result.value; + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // In Chrome, if an element having a focusout handler is blurred by + // clicking outside of it, it invokes the handler synchronously. If + // that handler calls `.remove()` on the element, the data is cleared, + // leaving `result` undefined. We need to guard against this. + return result && result.value; } // If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate
- @@ -5821,34 +5828,7 @@ jQuery.each( {
  targetTouches: true, toElement: true, touches: true, - - which: function( event ) { - var button = event.button; - - // Add which for key events - if ( event.which == null && rkeyEvent.test( event.type ) ) { - return event.charCode != null ? event.charCode : event.keyCode; - } - - // Add which for click: 1 === left; 2 === middle; 3 === right - if ( !event.which && button !== undefined && rmouseEvent.test( event.type ) ) { - if ( button & 1 ) { - return 1; - } - - if ( button & 2 ) { - return 3; - } - - if ( button & 4 ) { - return 2; - } - - return 0; - } - - return event.which; - } + which: true }, jQuery.event.addProp ); jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) {
- @@ -5874,6 +5854,12 @@ jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateTyp
  return true; }, + // Suppress native focus or blur as it's already being fired + // in leverageNative. + _default: function() { + return true; + }, + delegateType: delegateType }; } );
- @@ -6541,6 +6527,10 @@ var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" );
  // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. // Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes // some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there! + // + // Support: Firefox 70+ + // Only Firefox includes border widths + // in computed dimensions. (gh-4529) reliableTrDimensions: function() { var table, tr, trChild, trStyle; if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) {
- @@ -6548,17 +6538,32 @@ var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" );
  tr = document.createElement( "tr" ); trChild = document.createElement( "div" ); - table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px"; + table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;border-collapse:separate"; + tr.style.cssText = "border:1px solid"; + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // Height set through cssText does not get applied. + // Computed height then comes back as 0. tr.style.height = "1px"; trChild.style.height = "9px"; + // Support: Android 8 Chrome 86+ + // In our bodyBackground.html iframe, + // display for all div elements is set to "inline", + // which causes a problem only in Android 8 Chrome 86. + // Ensuring the div is display: block + // gets around this issue. + trChild.style.display = "block"; + documentElement .appendChild( table ) .appendChild( tr ) .appendChild( trChild ); trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr ); - reliableTrDimensionsVal = parseInt( trStyle.height ) > 3; + reliableTrDimensionsVal = ( parseInt( trStyle.height, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderTopWidth, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderBottomWidth, 10 ) ) === tr.offsetHeight; documentElement.removeChild( table ); }
- @@ -7022,10 +7027,10 @@ jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) {
  // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node // in IE throws an error. ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? - swap( elem, cssShow, function() { - return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); - } ) : - getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); } },
- @@ -7084,7 +7089,7 @@ jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft,
  swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; } ) - ) + "px"; + ) + "px"; } } );
- @@ -7223,7 +7228,7 @@ Tween.propHooks = {
  if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && ( - jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] || + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] || tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) { jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); } else {
- @@ -7468,7 +7473,7 @@ function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) {
  anim.done( function() { - /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element if ( !hidden ) {
- @@ -7588,7 +7593,7 @@ function Animation( elem, properties, options ) {
  tweens: [], createTween: function( prop, end ) { var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, - animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); animation.tweens.push( tween ); return tween; },
- @@ -7761,7 +7766,8 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
  anim.stop( true ); } }; - doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; return empty || optall.queue === false ? this.each( doAnimation ) :
- @@ -8401,8 +8407,8 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
  if ( this.setAttribute ) { this.setAttribute( "class", className || value === false ? - "" : - dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" ); } }
- @@ -8417,7 +8423,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
  while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { - return true; + return true; } }
- @@ -8707,9 +8713,7 @@ jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, {
  special.bindType || type; // jQuery handler - handle = ( - dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) - )[ event.type ] && + handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) )[ event.type ] && dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); if ( handle ) { handle.apply( cur, data );
- @@ -8856,7 +8860,7 @@ var rquery = ( /\?/ );
  // Cross-browser xml parsing jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { - var xml; + var xml, parserErrorElem; if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { return null; }
- @@ -8865,12 +8869,17 @@ jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) {
  // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. try { xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); - } catch ( e ) { - xml = undefined; - } + } catch ( e ) {} - if ( !xml || xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" ).length ) { - jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + data ); + parserErrorElem = xml && xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" )[ 0 ]; + if ( !xml || parserErrorElem ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + ( + parserErrorElem ? + jQuery.map( parserErrorElem.childNodes, function( el ) { + return el.textContent; + } ).join( "\n" ) : + data + ) ); } return xml; };
- @@ -8971,16 +8980,14 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
  // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; - } ) - .filter( function() { + } ).filter( function() { var type = this.type; // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); - } ) - .map( function( _i, elem ) { + } ).map( function( _i, elem ) { var val = jQuery( this ).val(); if ( val == null ) {
- @@ -9033,7 +9040,8 @@ var
  // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); - originAnchor.href = location.href; + + originAnchor.href = location.href; // Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) {
- @@ -9414,8 +9422,8 @@ jQuery.extend( {
  // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection globalEventContext = s.context && ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? - jQuery( callbackContext ) : - jQuery.event, + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, // Deferreds deferred = jQuery.Deferred(),
- @@ -9727,8 +9735,10 @@ jQuery.extend( {
  response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); } - // Use a noop converter for missing script - if ( !isSuccess && jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 ) { + // Use a noop converter for missing script but not if jsonp + if ( !isSuccess && + jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 && + jQuery.inArray( "json", s.dataTypes ) < 0 ) { s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {}; }
- @@ -10466,12 +10476,6 @@ jQuery.offset = {
  options.using.call( elem, props ); } else { - if ( typeof props.top === "number" ) { - props.top += "px"; - } - if ( typeof props.left === "number" ) { - props.left += "px"; - } curElem.css( props ); } }
- @@ -10640,8 +10644,11 @@ jQuery.each( [ "top", "left" ], function( _i, prop ) {
  // Create innerHeight, innerWidth, height, width, outerHeight and outerWidth methods jQuery.each( { Height: "height", Width: "width" }, function( name, type ) { - jQuery.each( { padding: "inner" + name, content: type, "": "outer" + name }, - function( defaultExtra, funcName ) { + jQuery.each( { + padding: "inner" + name, + content: type, + "": "outer" + name + }, function( defaultExtra, funcName ) { // Margin is only for outerHeight, outerWidth jQuery.fn[ funcName ] = function( margin, value ) {
- @@ -10726,7 +10733,8 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
  } } ); - jQuery.each( ( "blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick " + + jQuery.each( + ( "blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick " + "mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave " + "change select submit keydown keypress keyup contextmenu" ).split( " " ), function( _i, name ) {
- @@ -10737,7 +10745,8 @@ jQuery.each( ( "blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick " +
  this.on( name, null, data, fn ) : this.trigger( name ); }; - } ); + } + );
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html/_static/language_data.js
- @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * */ - var stopwords = ["a","and","are","as","at","be","but","by","for","if","in","into","is","it","near","no","not","of","on","or","such","that","the","their","then","there","these","they","this","to","was","will","with"]; + var stopwords = ["a", "and", "are", "as", "at", "be", "but", "by", "for", "if", "in", "into", "is", "it", "near", "no", "not", "of", "on", "or", "such", "that", "the", "their", "then", "there", "these", "they", "this", "to", "was", "will", "with"]; /* Non-minified version is copied as a separate JS file, is available */
- @@ -197,101 +197,3 @@ var Stemmer = function() {
  } } - - - - var splitChars = (function() { - var result = {}; - var singles = [96, 180, 187, 191, 215, 247, 749, 885, 903, 907, 909, 930, 1014, 1648, - 1748, 1809, 2416, 2473, 2481, 2526, 2601, 2609, 2612, 2615, 2653, 2702, - 2706, 2729, 2737, 2740, 2857, 2865, 2868, 2910, 2928, 2948, 2961, 2971, - 2973, 3085, 3089, 3113, 3124, 3213, 3217, 3241, 3252, 3295, 3341, 3345, - 3369, 3506, 3516, 3633, 3715, 3721, 3736, 3744, 3748, 3750, 3756, 3761, - 3781, 3912, 4239, 4347, 4681, 4695, 4697, 4745, 4785, 4799, 4801, 4823, - 4881, 5760, 5901, 5997, 6313, 7405, 8024, 8026, 8028, 8030, 8117, 8125, - 8133, 8181, 8468, 8485, 8487, 8489, 8494, 8527, 11311, 11359, 11687, 11695, - 11703, 11711, 11719, 11727, 11735, 12448, 12539, 43010, 43014, 43019, 43587, - 43696, 43713, 64286, 64297, 64311, 64317, 64319, 64322, 64325, 65141]; - var i, j, start, end; - for (i = 0; i < singles.length; i++) { - result[singles[i]] = true; - } - var ranges = [[0, 47], [58, 64], [91, 94], [123, 169], [171, 177], [182, 184], [706, 709], - [722, 735], [741, 747], [751, 879], [888, 889], [894, 901], [1154, 1161], - [1318, 1328], [1367, 1368], [1370, 1376], [1416, 1487], [1515, 1519], [1523, 1568], - [1611, 1631], [1642, 1645], [1750, 1764], [1767, 1773], [1789, 1790], [1792, 1807], - [1840, 1868], [1958, 1968], [1970, 1983], [2027, 2035], [2038, 2041], [2043, 2047], - [2070, 2073], [2075, 2083], [2085, 2087], [2089, 2307], [2362, 2364], [2366, 2383], - [2385, 2391], [2402, 2405], [2419, 2424], [2432, 2436], [2445, 2446], [2449, 2450], - [2483, 2485], [2490, 2492], [2494, 2509], [2511, 2523], [2530, 2533], [2546, 2547], - [2554, 2564], [2571, 2574], [2577, 2578], [2618, 2648], [2655, 2661], [2672, 2673], - [2677, 2692], [2746, 2748], [2750, 2767], [2769, 2783], [2786, 2789], [2800, 2820], - [2829, 2830], [2833, 2834], [2874, 2876], [2878, 2907], [2914, 2917], [2930, 2946], - [2955, 2957], [2966, 2968], [2976, 2978], [2981, 2983], [2987, 2989], [3002, 3023], - [3025, 3045], [3059, 3076], [3130, 3132], [3134, 3159], [3162, 3167], [3170, 3173], - [3184, 3191], [3199, 3204], [3258, 3260], [3262, 3293], [3298, 3301], [3312, 3332], - [3386, 3388], [3390, 3423], [3426, 3429], [3446, 3449], [3456, 3460], [3479, 3481], - [3518, 3519], [3527, 3584], [3636, 3647], [3655, 3663], [3674, 3712], [3717, 3718], - [3723, 3724], [3726, 3731], [3752, 3753], [3764, 3772], [3774, 3775], [3783, 3791], - [3802, 3803], [3806, 3839], [3841, 3871], [3892, 3903], [3949, 3975], [3980, 4095], - [4139, 4158], [4170, 4175], [4182, 4185], [4190, 4192], [4194, 4196], [4199, 4205], - [4209, 4212], [4226, 4237], [4250, 4255], [4294, 4303], [4349, 4351], [4686, 4687], - [4702, 4703], [4750, 4751], [4790, 4791], [4806, 4807], [4886, 4887], [4955, 4968], - [4989, 4991], [5008, 5023], [5109, 5120], [5741, 5742], [5787, 5791], [5867, 5869], - [5873, 5887], [5906, 5919], [5938, 5951], [5970, 5983], [6001, 6015], [6068, 6102], - [6104, 6107], [6109, 6111], [6122, 6127], [6138, 6159], [6170, 6175], [6264, 6271], - [6315, 6319], [6390, 6399], [6429, 6469], [6510, 6511], [6517, 6527], [6572, 6592], - [6600, 6607], [6619, 6655], [6679, 6687], [6741, 6783], [6794, 6799], [6810, 6822], - [6824, 6916], [6964, 6980], [6988, 6991], [7002, 7042], [7073, 7085], [7098, 7167], - [7204, 7231], [7242, 7244], [7294, 7400], [7410, 7423], [7616, 7679], [7958, 7959], - [7966, 7967], [8006, 8007], [8014, 8015], [8062, 8063], [8127, 8129], [8141, 8143], - [8148, 8149], [8156, 8159], [8173, 8177], [8189, 8303], [8306, 8307], [8314, 8318], - [8330, 8335], [8341, 8449], [8451, 8454], [8456, 8457], [8470, 8472], [8478, 8483], - [8506, 8507], [8512, 8516], [8522, 8525], [8586, 9311], [9372, 9449], [9472, 10101], - [10132, 11263], [11493, 11498], [11503, 11516], [11518, 11519], [11558, 11567], - [11622, 11630], [11632, 11647], [11671, 11679], [11743, 11822], [11824, 12292], - [12296, 12320], [12330, 12336], [12342, 12343], [12349, 12352], [12439, 12444], - [12544, 12548], [12590, 12592], [12687, 12689], [12694, 12703], [12728, 12783], - [12800, 12831], [12842, 12880], [12896, 12927], [12938, 12976], [12992, 13311], - [19894, 19967], [40908, 40959], [42125, 42191], [42238, 42239], [42509, 42511], - [42540, 42559], [42592, 42593], [42607, 42622], [42648, 42655], [42736, 42774], - [42784, 42785], [42889, 42890], [42893, 43002], [43043, 43055], [43062, 43071], - [43124, 43137], [43188, 43215], [43226, 43249], [43256, 43258], [43260, 43263], - [43302, 43311], [43335, 43359], [43389, 43395], [43443, 43470], [43482, 43519], - [43561, 43583], [43596, 43599], [43610, 43615], [43639, 43641], [43643, 43647], - [43698, 43700], [43703, 43704], [43710, 43711], [43715, 43738], [43742, 43967], - [44003, 44015], [44026, 44031], [55204, 55215], [55239, 55242], [55292, 55295], - [57344, 63743], [64046, 64047], [64110, 64111], [64218, 64255], [64263, 64274], - [64280, 64284], [64434, 64466], [64830, 64847], [64912, 64913], [64968, 65007], - [65020, 65135], [65277, 65295], [65306, 65312], [65339, 65344], [65371, 65381], - [65471, 65473], [65480, 65481], [65488, 65489], [65496, 65497]]; - for (i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) { - start = ranges[i][0]; - end = ranges[i][1]; - for (j = start; j <= end; j++) { - result[j] = true; - } - } - return result; - })(); - - function splitQuery(query) { - var result = []; - var start = -1; - for (var i = 0; i < query.length; i++) { - if (splitChars[query.charCodeAt(i)]) { - if (start !== -1) { - result.push(query.slice(start, i)); - start = -1; - } - } else if (start === -1) { - start = i; - } - } - if (start !== -1) { - result.push(query.slice(start)); - } - return result; - } - -
html/_static/searchtools.js
- @@ -8,18 +8,20 @@
  * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. * */ + "use strict"; - if (!Scorer) { - /** - * Simple result scoring code. - */ + /** + * Simple result scoring code. + */ + if (typeof Scorer === "undefined") { var Scorer = { // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result - // The function takes a result array [filename, title, anchor, descr, score] + // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] // and returns the new score. /* - score: function(result) { - return result[4]; + score: result => { + const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result + return score }, */
- @@ -28,9 +30,11 @@ if (!Scorer) {
  // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name objPartialMatch: 6, // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object - objPrio: {0: 15, // used to be importantResults - 1: 5, // used to be objectResults - 2: -5}, // used to be unimportantResults + objPrio: { + 0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults + }, // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. objPrioDefault: 0,
- @@ -39,456 +43,455 @@ if (!Scorer) {
  partialTitle: 7, // query found in terms term: 5, - partialTerm: 2 + partialTerm: 2, }; } - if (!splitQuery) { - function splitQuery(query) { - return query.split(/\s+/); + const _removeChildren = (element) => { + while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild); + }; + + /** + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping + */ + const _escapeRegExp = (string) => + string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string + + const _displayItem = (item, highlightTerms, searchTerms) => { + const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER; + const docUrlRoot = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; + const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; + const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; + const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY; + + const [docName, title, anchor, descr] = item; + + let listItem = document.createElement("li"); + let requestUrl; + let linkUrl; + if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") { + // dirhtml builder + let dirname = docName + "/"; + if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) + dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6); + else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = ""; + requestUrl = docUrlRoot + dirname; + linkUrl = requestUrl; + } else { + // normal html builders + requestUrl = docUrlRoot + docName + docFileSuffix; + linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix; + } + const params = new URLSearchParams(); + params.set("highlight", [...highlightTerms].join(" ")); + let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a")); + linkEl.href = linkUrl + "?" + params.toString() + anchor; + linkEl.innerHTML = title; + if (descr) + listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerText = + " (" + descr + ")"; + else if (showSearchSummary) + fetch(requestUrl) + .then((responseData) => responseData.text()) + .then((data) => { + if (data) + listItem.appendChild( + Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms, highlightTerms) + ); + }); + Search.output.appendChild(listItem); + }; + const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => { + Search.stopPulse(); + Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results"); + if (!resultCount) + Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext( + "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories." + ); + else + Search.status.innerText = _( + `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.` + ); + }; + const _displayNextItem = ( + results, + resultCount, + highlightTerms, + searchTerms + ) => { + // results left, load the summary and display it + // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount) + if (results.length) { + _displayItem(results.pop(), highlightTerms, searchTerms); + setTimeout( + () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, highlightTerms, searchTerms), + 5 + ); } + // search finished, update title and status message + else _finishSearch(resultCount); + }; + + /** + * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a + * custom function per language. + * + * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters + * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters. + * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area. + */ + if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") { + var splitQuery = (query) => query + .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu) + .filter(term => term) // remove remaining empty strings } /** * Search Module */ - var Search = { - - _index : null, - _queued_query : null, - _pulse_status : -1, - - htmlToText : function(htmlString) { - var virtualDocument = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument('virtual'); - var htmlElement = $(htmlString, virtualDocument); - htmlElement.find('.headerlink').remove(); - docContent = htmlElement.find('[role=main]')[0]; - if(docContent === undefined) { - console.warn("Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it " + - "via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template."); - return ""; - } - return docContent.textContent || docContent.innerText; + const Search = { + _index: null, + _queued_query: null, + _pulse_status: -1, + + htmlToText: (htmlString) => { + const htmlElement = document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment(htmlString); + _removeChildren(htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink")); + const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]'); + if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent; + console.warn( + "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template." + ); + return ""; }, - init : function() { - var params = $.getQueryParameters(); - if (params.q) { - var query = params.q[0]; - $('input[name="q"]')[0].value = query; - this.performSearch(query); - } + init: () => { + const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q"); + document + .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]') + .forEach((el) => (el.value = query)); + if (query) Search.performSearch(query); }, - loadIndex : function(url) { - $.ajax({type: "GET", url: url, data: null, - dataType: "script", cache: true, - complete: function(jqxhr, textstatus) { - if (textstatus != "success") { - document.getElementById("searchindexloader").src = url; - } - }}); - }, + loadIndex: (url) => + (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url), - setIndex : function(index) { - var q; - this._index = index; - if ((q = this._queued_query) !== null) { - this._queued_query = null; - Search.query(q); + setIndex: (index) => { + Search._index = index; + if (Search._queued_query !== null) { + const query = Search._queued_query; + Search._queued_query = null; + Search.query(query); } }, - hasIndex : function() { - return this._index !== null; - }, + hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null, - deferQuery : function(query) { - this._queued_query = query; - }, + deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query), - stopPulse : function() { - this._pulse_status = 0; - }, + stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1), - startPulse : function() { - if (this._pulse_status >= 0) - return; - function pulse() { - var i; + startPulse: () => { + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return; + + const pulse = () => { Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; - var dotString = ''; - for (i = 0; i < Search._pulse_status; i++) - dotString += '.'; - Search.dots.text(dotString); - if (Search._pulse_status > -1) - window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); - } + Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status); + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + }; pulse(); }, /** * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) */ - performSearch : function(query) { + performSearch: (query) => { // create the required interface elements - this.out = $('#search-results'); - this.title = $('<h2>' + _('Searching') + '</h2>').appendTo(this.out); - this.dots = $('<span></span>').appendTo(this.title); - this.status = $('<p class="search-summary"> </p>').appendTo(this.out); - this.output = $('<ul class="search"/>').appendTo(this.out); - - $('#search-progress').text(_('Preparing search...')); - this.startPulse(); + const searchText = document.createElement("h2"); + searchText.textContent = _("Searching"); + const searchSummary = document.createElement("p"); + searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary"); + searchSummary.innerText = ""; + const searchList = document.createElement("ul"); + searchList.classList.add("search"); + + const out = document.getElementById("search-results"); + Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText); + Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span")); + Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary); + Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList); + + const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress"); + // Some themes don't use the search progress node + if (searchProgress) { + searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search..."); + } + Search.startPulse(); // index already loaded, the browser was quick! - if (this.hasIndex()) - this.query(query); - else - this.deferQuery(query); + if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query); + else Search.deferQuery(query); }, /** * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) */ - query : function(query) { - var i; - - // stem the searchterms and add them to the correct list - var stemmer = new Stemmer(); - var searchterms = []; - var excluded = []; - var hlterms = []; - var tmp = splitQuery(query); - var objectterms = []; - for (i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++) { - if (tmp[i] !== "") { - objectterms.push(tmp[i].toLowerCase()); - } + query: (query) => { + // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list + const stemmer = new Stemmer(); + const searchTerms = new Set(); + const excludedTerms = new Set(); + const highlightTerms = new Set(); + const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim())); + splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => { + const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase(); + + // maybe skip this "word" + // stopwords array is from language_data.js + if ( + stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 || + queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/) + ) + return; - if ($u.indexOf(stopwords, tmp[i].toLowerCase()) != -1 || tmp[i] === "") { - // skip this "word" - continue; - } // stem the word - var word = stemmer.stemWord(tmp[i].toLowerCase()); - // prevent stemmer from cutting word smaller than two chars - if(word.length < 3 && tmp[i].length >= 3) { - word = tmp[i]; - } - var toAppend; + let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower); // select the correct list - if (word[0] == '-') { - toAppend = excluded; - word = word.substr(1); - } + if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1)); else { - toAppend = searchterms; - hlterms.push(tmp[i].toLowerCase()); + searchTerms.add(word); + highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower); } - // only add if not already in the list - if (!$u.contains(toAppend, word)) - toAppend.push(word); - } - var highlightstring = '?highlight=' + $.urlencode(hlterms.join(" ")); - - // console.debug('SEARCH: searching for:'); - // console.info('required: ', searchterms); - // console.info('excluded: ', excluded); + }); - // prepare search - var terms = this._index.terms; - var titleterms = this._index.titleterms; + // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:"); + // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]); + // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]); - // array of [filename, title, anchor, descr, score] - var results = []; - $('#search-progress').empty(); + // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + let results = []; + _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress")); // lookup as object - for (i = 0; i < objectterms.length; i++) { - var others = [].concat(objectterms.slice(0, i), - objectterms.slice(i+1, objectterms.length)); - results = results.concat(this.performObjectSearch(objectterms[i], others)); - } + objectTerms.forEach((term) => + results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms)) + ); // lookup as search terms in fulltext - results = results.concat(this.performTermsSearch(searchterms, excluded, terms, titleterms)); + results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms)); // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function - if (Scorer.score) { - for (i = 0; i < results.length; i++) - results[i][4] = Scorer.score(results[i]); - } + if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item))); // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then // alphabetically - results.sort(function(a, b) { - var left = a[4]; - var right = b[4]; - if (left > right) { - return 1; - } else if (left < right) { - return -1; - } else { + results.sort((a, b) => { + const leftScore = a[4]; + const rightScore = b[4]; + if (leftScore === rightScore) { // same score: sort alphabetically - left = a[1].toLowerCase(); - right = b[1].toLowerCase(); - return (left > right) ? -1 : ((left < right) ? 1 : 0); + const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase(); + const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase(); + if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0; + return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional } + return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1; }); + // remove duplicate search results + // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept + let seen = new Set(); + results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => { + let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(','); + if (!seen.has(resultStr)) { + acc.push(result); + seen.add(resultStr); + } + return acc; + }, []); + + results = results.reverse(); + // for debugging //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy - //console.info('search results:', Search.lastresults); + // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults); // print the results - var resultCount = results.length; - function displayNextItem() { - // results left, load the summary and display it - if (results.length) { - var item = results.pop(); - var listItem = $('<li></li>'); - var requestUrl = ""; - var linkUrl = ""; - if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER === 'dirhtml') { - // dirhtml builder - var dirname = item[0] + '/'; - if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) { - dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length-6); - } else if (dirname == 'index/') { - dirname = ''; - } - requestUrl = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + dirname; - linkUrl = requestUrl; - - } else { - // normal html builders - requestUrl = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + item[0] + DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; - linkUrl = item[0] + DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; - } - listItem.append($('<a/>').attr('href', - linkUrl + - highlightstring + item[2]).html(item[1])); - if (item[3]) { - listItem.append($('<span> (' + item[3] + ')</span>')); - Search.output.append(listItem); - setTimeout(function() { - displayNextItem(); - }, 5); - } else if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.HAS_SOURCE) { - $.ajax({url: requestUrl, - dataType: "text", - complete: function(jqxhr, textstatus) { - var data = jqxhr.responseText; - if (data !== '' && data !== undefined) { - var summary = Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchterms, hlterms); - if (summary) { - listItem.append(summary); - } - } - Search.output.append(listItem); - setTimeout(function() { - displayNextItem(); - }, 5); - }}); - } else { - // no source available, just display title - Search.output.append(listItem); - setTimeout(function() { - displayNextItem(); - }, 5); - } - } - // search finished, update title and status message - else { - Search.stopPulse(); - Search.title.text(_('Search Results')); - if (!resultCount) - Search.status.text(_('Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you\'ve selected enough categories.')); - else - Search.status.text(_('Search finished, found %s page(s) matching the search query.').replace('%s', resultCount)); - Search.status.fadeIn(500); - } - } - displayNextItem(); + _displayNextItem(results, results.length, highlightTerms, searchTerms); }, /** * search for object names */ - performObjectSearch : function(object, otherterms) { - var filenames = this._index.filenames; - var docnames = this._index.docnames; - var objects = this._index.objects; - var objnames = this._index.objnames; - var titles = this._index.titles; - - var i; - var results = []; - - for (var prefix in objects) { - for (var iMatch = 0; iMatch != objects[prefix].length; ++iMatch) { - var match = objects[prefix][iMatch]; - var name = match[4]; - var fullname = (prefix ? prefix + '.' : '') + name; - var fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase() - if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) > -1) { - var score = 0; - var parts = fullnameLower.split('.'); - // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or - // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) - if (fullnameLower == object || parts[parts.length - 1] == object) { - score += Scorer.objNameMatch; - // matches in last name - } else if (parts[parts.length - 1].indexOf(object) > -1) { - score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; - } - var objname = objnames[match[1]][2]; - var title = titles[match[0]]; - // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be - // found in the name/title/description - if (otherterms.length > 0) { - var haystack = (prefix + ' ' + name + ' ' + - objname + ' ' + title).toLowerCase(); - var allfound = true; - for (i = 0; i < otherterms.length; i++) { - if (haystack.indexOf(otherterms[i]) == -1) { - allfound = false; - break; - } - } - if (!allfound) { - continue; - } - } - var descr = objname + _(', in ') + title; - - var anchor = match[3]; - if (anchor === '') - anchor = fullname; - else if (anchor == '-') - anchor = objnames[match[1]][1] + '-' + fullname; - // add custom score for some objects according to scorer - if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) { - score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; - } else { - score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; - } - results.push([docnames[match[0]], fullname, '#'+anchor, descr, score, filenames[match[0]]]); - } + performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const objects = Search._index.objects; + const objNames = Search._index.objnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const results = []; + + const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => { + const name = match[4] + const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name; + const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase(); + if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return; + + let score = 0; + const parts = fullnameLower.split("."); + + // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or + // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) + if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object) + score += Scorer.objNameMatch; + else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1) + score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name + + const objName = objNames[match[1]][2]; + const title = titles[match[0]]; + + // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be + // found in the name/title/description + const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms); + otherTerms.delete(object); + if (otherTerms.size > 0) { + const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase(); + if ( + [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0) + ) + return; } - } + let anchor = match[3]; + if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname; + else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname; + + const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title; + + // add custom score for some objects according to scorer + if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) + score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; + else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; + + results.push([ + docNames[match[0]], + fullname, + "#" + anchor, + descr, + score, + filenames[match[0]], + ]); + }; + Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) => + objects[prefix].forEach((array) => + objectSearchCallback(prefix, array) + ) + ); return results; }, - /** - * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions - */ - escapeRegExp : function(string) { - return string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string - }, - /** * search for full-text terms in the index */ - performTermsSearch : function(searchterms, excluded, terms, titleterms) { - var docnames = this._index.docnames; - var filenames = this._index.filenames; - var titles = this._index.titles; + performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => { + // prepare search + const terms = Search._index.terms; + const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; - var i, j, file; - var fileMap = {}; - var scoreMap = {}; - var results = []; + const scoreMap = new Map(); + const fileMap = new Map(); // perform the search on the required terms - for (i = 0; i < searchterms.length; i++) { - var word = searchterms[i]; - var files = []; - var _o = [ - {files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term}, - {files: titleterms[word], score: Scorer.title} + searchTerms.forEach((word) => { + const files = []; + const arr = [ + { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term }, + { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title }, ]; // add support for partial matches if (word.length > 2) { - var word_regex = this.escapeRegExp(word); - for (var w in terms) { - if (w.match(word_regex) && !terms[word]) { - _o.push({files: terms[w], score: Scorer.partialTerm}) - } - } - for (var w in titleterms) { - if (w.match(word_regex) && !titleterms[word]) { - _o.push({files: titleterms[w], score: Scorer.partialTitle}) - } - } + const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word); + Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word]) + arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm }); + }); + Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word]) + arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle }); + }); } // no match but word was a required one - if ($u.every(_o, function(o){return o.files === undefined;})) { - break; - } + if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return; + // found search word in contents - $u.each(_o, function(o) { - var _files = o.files; - if (_files === undefined) - return - - if (_files.length === undefined) - _files = [_files]; - files = files.concat(_files); - - // set score for the word in each file to Scorer.term - for (j = 0; j < _files.length; j++) { - file = _files[j]; - if (!(file in scoreMap)) - scoreMap[file] = {}; - scoreMap[file][word] = o.score; - } + arr.forEach((record) => { + if (record.files === undefined) return; + + let recordFiles = record.files; + if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles]; + files.push(...recordFiles); + + // set score for the word in each file + recordFiles.forEach((file) => { + if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {}); + scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score; + }); }); // create the mapping - for (j = 0; j < files.length; j++) { - file = files[j]; - if (file in fileMap && fileMap[file].indexOf(word) === -1) - fileMap[file].push(word); - else - fileMap[file] = [word]; - } - } + files.forEach((file) => { + if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) + fileMap.get(file).push(word); + else fileMap.set(file, [word]); + }); + }); // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms - for (file in fileMap) { - var valid = true; - + const results = []; + for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) { // check if all requirements are matched - var filteredTermCount = // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded: ignore - searchterms.filter(function(term){return term.length > 2}).length + + // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded + const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter( + (term) => term.length > 2 + ).length; if ( - fileMap[file].length != searchterms.length && - fileMap[file].length != filteredTermCount - ) continue; + wordList.length !== searchTerms.size && + wordList.length !== filteredTermCount + ) + continue; // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result - for (i = 0; i < excluded.length; i++) { - if (terms[excluded[i]] == file || - titleterms[excluded[i]] == file || - $u.contains(terms[excluded[i]] || [], file) || - $u.contains(titleterms[excluded[i]] || [], file)) { - valid = false; - break; - } - } + if ( + [...excludedTerms].some( + (term) => + terms[term] === file || + titleTerms[term] === file || + (terms[term] || []).includes(file) || + (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file) + ) + ) + break; - // if we have still a valid result we can add it to the result list - if (valid) { - // select one (max) score for the file. - // for better ranking, we should calculate ranking by using words statistics like basic tf-idf... - var score = $u.max($u.map(fileMap[file], function(w){return scoreMap[file][w]})); - results.push([docnames[file], titles[file], '', null, score, filenames[file]]); - } + // select one (max) score for the file. + const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w])); + // add result to the result list + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); } return results; },
- @@ -496,34 +499,33 @@ var Search = {
  /** * helper function to return a node containing the * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list - * of stemmed words, hlwords is the list of normal, unstemmed + * of stemmed words, highlightWords is the list of normal, unstemmed * words. the first one is used to find the occurrence, the * latter for highlighting it. */ - makeSearchSummary : function(htmlText, keywords, hlwords) { - var text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); - if (text == "") { - return null; - } - var textLower = text.toLowerCase(); - var start = 0; - $.each(keywords, function() { - var i = textLower.indexOf(this.toLowerCase()); - if (i > -1) - start = i; - }); - start = Math.max(start - 120, 0); - var excerpt = ((start > 0) ? '...' : '') + - $.trim(text.substr(start, 240)) + - ((start + 240 - text.length) ? '...' : ''); - var rv = $('<p class="context"></p>').text(excerpt); - $.each(hlwords, function() { - rv = rv.highlightText(this, 'highlighted'); - }); - return rv; - } + makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords, highlightWords) => { + const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText).toLowerCase(); + if (text === "") return null; + + const actualStartPosition = [...keywords] + .map((k) => text.indexOf(k.toLowerCase())) + .filter((i) => i > -1) + .slice(-1)[0]; + const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0); + + const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "..."; + const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : ""; + + let summary = document.createElement("div"); + summary.classList.add("context"); + summary.innerText = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail; + + highlightWords.forEach((highlightWord) => + _highlightText(summary, highlightWord, "highlighted") + ); + + return summary; + }, }; - $(document).ready(function() { - Search.init(); - }); + _ready(Search.init);
html/genindex.html
- @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="#" />
html/index.html
- @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
  <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > <head> - <meta charset="utf-8" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>Mathematics in Lean — Mathematics in Lean 0.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
- @@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
- @@ -78,8 +80,8 @@
  <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> - <div class="section" id="mathematics-in-lean"> - <h1>Mathematics in Lean<a class="headerlink" href="#mathematics-in-lean" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> + <section id="mathematics-in-lean"> + <h1>Mathematics in Lean<a class="headerlink" href="#mathematics-in-lean" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="C01_Introduction.html">1. Introduction</a><ul>
- @@ -154,7 +156,7 @@
  </div> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> </div> - </div> + </section> </div>
html/search.html
- @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script> <script src="_static/searchtools.js"></script>
html/searchindex.js
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mathematics_in_lean.pdf